能见度自动与人工观测在大雾中的分析与比较  

The Analysis and Comparison between Automatic and Manual Observed Visibility during Heavy Fog Days

作　　者：窦以文 丁青兰[2] 胡保昆 史君卿[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京市气象信息中心,北京100089 [2]北京市气象台,北京100089 [3]北京农业职业学院,北京100093

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2015年第24期161-163,243,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201206031);北京市气象局科技项目(BMBKJ201404005;BMBKJ201401004)

摘　　要：为了探索自动观测能见度代替人工观测可行性，对2013年1月20日08：00～23日20：00一个大雾天气过程从资料应用角度分析。结果表明，自动观测的能见度与人工观测随时间变化趋势是一致的；台站自动观测和道面自动观测2种能见度测量值随时间的演变也一致性较好．差别较小；自动观测的能见度变化与温度露点差的变化是一致的，体现了能见度与相对湿度高度相关性：台站观测和道面观测组成同一能见度观测网，能够很好地反应北京能见度情况，对于预报和服务具有重要作用。自动观测能见度代替是可行的。但由于自动观测数据小于人工观测数据，在天气预报业务中启用自动观测能见度数据后，将大大增加预报大雾以及发布大雾预警的频率，需要调整雾霾天气的有关能见度的发布标准。In order to explore the feasibility of automatic observation visibility instead of manual observation, the application of automatic visi- bility data in Beijing from 8：00 on January 20 to 20：00 on January 23 in 2013 was analyzed. The results show that although there is an obvious deviation between automatic and manual observed visibility records. And the visibility data of meteorological observatory was basically consistent with that of the meteorological stations on highway. They have the same result between the variety of the visibility and the difference between the temperature and the dew point, which reflects the high correlation between visibility and relative humidity. The visibility observation network by meteorological observatory and highway in Beijing plays an important role in forecasting and services. Automatic observation visibility instead of manual observation is feasible. But, the frequency of the forecast and the warning information of heavy fog will become more and more because the automatic observation value is less than the manual observations. So adjusting fog and haze release criteria relating to visibility is necessary.

关 键 词：能见度 自动观测 人工观测 大雾 应用分析 

分 类 号：S161.5[农业科学—农业气象学]