黄土丘陵沟壑区坡面径流侵蚀产沙过程的环境解释  

Environmental Interpretation on Slope Runoff-Erosion-Sediment Process in Loess Hilly and Gully Region

作　　者：郑江坤[1] 魏天兴[2] 赵健 陈致富 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学林学院,四川雅安625014 [2]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100086 [3]辽宁江河水利水电新技术设计研究院,辽宁沈阳110003 [4]广西柳州市第二中学,广西柳州545001

出　　处：《地理科学》2015年第7期905-911,共7页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2012M511938);四川省高等学校水土保持与荒漠化防治重点实验室建设项目资助

摘　　要：应用数量分类(TWINSPAN)和排序(DCCA)方法对陕北吴起县典型坡面侵蚀产沙过程进行了环境解释。结果表明:环境因子对土样侵蚀产沙量的解释量达83%,其中DCCA排序轴前4轴的解释量占总排序轴解释量的69%,且分别与坡位、土壤质量、海拔、干根重显著相关。坡面径流侵蚀产沙量随冲刷时间呈波浪式变化,环境因子对侵蚀产沙过程影响甚微。坡面径流侵蚀产沙量按地形部位表现为梁峁顶<梁峁坡<沟坡<沟底,按地类则表现为灌木林<针阔混交林<针叶纯林<阔叶纯林。Loess Plateau is the world＇s most serious soil erosion region. Slope runoff erosion, as the main type of soil erosion, has been priorities and hotspots of soil and water conservation disciplinary about its relation with environmental factors. 23 soil samples under slope runoff erosion during 12 periods were collected as the objects around Wuqi County in the northem Shaanxi, China. The methods of TWINSPAN and DCCA were ap- plied to interpret the relation between environmental factors and slope runoff-erosion-sediment. Results indicat- ed that soil samples in same topography positions and vegetation factors gathered. Eigenvalues of all sorts axis is 0.313, accounting for 83% of environmental interpretation. The cumulative explaining amount of the first 4 axis is 57.5% for runoff erosion and 56.9% for the relationship between runoff erosion and environmental fac- tors. Meanwhile, interpretation of the first two axis accounted for 65% of all sorts axis which indicates the first two axis reflecting the most information of runoff erosion-environment relationship. First axis reflected the in- fluence of soil pH and slope position on runoff erosion, and second axis manifested influence of soil bulk den- sity on runoff erosion. The third and fourth axis reflected, respectively, influences of altitude and dry root weight. Among environmental factors, correlation coefficients of slope position were-0.46, 0.61 and 0.64 to soil pH, elevation, capillary porosity respectively. The correlation coefficients were-0.63 and-0.81 between slope and soil bulk density, plant cover, and the correlation coefficients were-0.37 and-0.57 between soil bulk density and soil organic matter, root dry weight. Sediment content of runoff erosion presented as hilly top 〈hilly slope 〈gully slope 〈gully bottom according to the topography positions. And also presented as shrub forest〈mixed wood〈pure needless forest〈pure broadleaf forest according to forest types, which is similar as the result of clustering analyses. Human activities incl

关 键 词：地表径流 DCCA 环境因子 侵蚀产沙 黄土丘陵沟壑区 

分 类 号：F157.1[经济管理—世界经济]