盐胁迫对不同耐盐类型小麦花后光合特性及产量的影响  

Effects of Salt Stress on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Different Salt-tolerant Wheat Varieties

作　　者：孟祥浩[1] 刘义国[1] 张玉梅[1] 林琪[1] 张延胜 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学/山东省旱作农业技术重点实验室/旱作节水创新团队,山东青岛266109 [2]山东省昌邑市农业局,山东潍坊250013

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2015年第24期46-52,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：山东省旱地作物水分高效利用高校优秀科研创新团队资金;山东省小麦玉米周年高产高效协同创新中心资金;山东省自主创新专项"黄河三角洲盐碱地快速改良技术"(2014ZZCX07401);国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2011BAD16B09-03;2013BAD07B06-3);"十二五"农村领域国家科技计划课题"华北平原类型区旱地作物高产高效技术集成与示范"(2011BAD09B01-2)

摘　　要：为研究盐胁迫对不同耐盐类型小麦花后光合特性及产量的影响,以‘青麦6号’、‘济麦22’为材料,以普通土壤为对照,研究了不同梯度Na Cl胁迫对小麦旗叶光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明,不同耐盐类型小麦品种对盐胁迫的响应不同,‘济麦22’叶绿素含量、叶面积指数、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率下降幅度大,而‘青麦6号’的这5项指标下降较为缓慢,胞间CO2浓度升高幅度与‘济麦22’相比也较低;与对照比较,盐胁迫下2个品种公顷穗数、穗粒数、千粒重均减少,且降幅随盐浓度的增加而加大,但‘青麦6号’产量相对‘济麦22’下降幅度较小。盐胁迫仍能保持较高的光合特性的‘青麦6号’,获得高产稳产的关键因素是具有较高的公顷穗数。本研究为小麦在不同盐渍程度的盐碱地上种植提供理论参考。‘Qingmai 6＇ and ‘Jimai 22＇ were used as the experimental materials to study the effect on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of wheat flag leaves under different concentrations of salt stress, with ordinary soil as control. The results showed that different salt-tolerant wheat varieties presented different responses to salt stress. The chlorophyll content, leaf area index, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of ‘Jimai 22＇ declined dramatically. In contrast, these indicators fall much more slowly in ‘Qingmai 6＇. Furthermore, the CO2 concentration between cells of ‘Qingmai 6＇ increased less compared with ‘Jimai 22＇. Compared with that of the control, the ear number per unit, kernel number per spike and 1000-grain weight of the two wheat varieties reduced under salt stress. The increase amplitude aggravated with the increase of salt concentration levels. But the decrease of yield was moderate in ‘ Qingmai 6＇. The key to gain high and stable yield for ‘Qingmai 6＇ which kept higher photosynthetic characteristics was the ear number per unit under salt stress. This study provided a theoretical reference for wheat cultivation in saline-alkali soil with different degrees of salt.

关 键 词：小麦 盐胁迫 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学] S311