中国出口增加值的国别结构及依赖关系研究  

Market Structure of Added Value of China's Exports and Dependency Relationship

作　　者：佘群芝[1] 贾净雪[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学经济学院

出　　处：《财贸经济》2015年第8期91-103,共13页Finance & Trade Economics

摘　　要：本文在对出口进行全球价值链分解的基础上,按照出口目的国和进口来源国对中国出口中的国内外增加值进一步分解,考察中国出口中各部分增加值的国别分布结构。然后,通过构建"上游依赖度"、"下游影响度"和"出口增加值依存度"三个指标,研究中国与其他国家在全球价值链分工中的上、下游依赖关系以及最终需求依赖关系。研究结果显示:(1)1995—2011年期间,出口增加值在总出口中所占份额平均约为79.76%,且大致呈现下降趋势。其中,出口到美国、欧盟、日本等发达国家的产品对中国出口增加值的贡献程度最大。(2)中国在全球价值链中作为下游生产者的参与程度远高于作为上游供应者的参与程度,并且呈现出逐年扩大的趋势。这说明中国主要以下游生产者的角色参与到全球价值链生产中,仍处于全球价值链的低端。(3)无论是上游、下游依赖度,还是最终需求依赖度,中国对欧盟、美国等发达国家的依赖程度均很高。但是,随着中国在全球价值链参与程度的加深,中国对欧美等发达国家的上游依赖和最终需求依赖关系均表现出减弱的迹象。Based on the GVC decomposition for gross exports, we further decompose the domestic and foreign added value in China＇s exports according to the destination country of exports and source country of imports to study the country distribution structure of the various added value components in China＇s exports. Then, we study China＇s dependency relationship with other countries in the global value chain by constructing three indicators： ＂upstream dependence＂ ,＂downstream impacts degree＂ and ＂value-added exports dependence＂. The results show that during 1995- 2011, the share of added value in gross exports is approximately 79.76 % on average, and generally shows a downward trend. Among them, the products exported to the United States, European Union, Japan and other developed countries make the greatest contribution to the added value in export in China. In the global value chain, China＇s participation as the downstream producer is higher than the participation as the upstream supplier, and the gap between the two participations has expanded. This shows that China is mainly playing a role of downstream producer to participate in the global value chain, and is still in the low end of the global value chain. Whether the upstream and downstream dependence, or final demand dependence, China＇s dependence on the European Union, the United States and other developed countries are high. However, as China＇s participation in global value chains get further deepened, the upstream dependence and final demand dependence on the developed countries show a downward trend.

关 键 词：出口增加值 国别结构 上游依赖 下游依赖 最终需求依赖 

分 类 号：F752.62[经济管理—国际贸易]