北美早期印第安人社会对外来传染病的反应和调适  

The Reaction and Adjustment of Native American Communities to the Invasion of Foreign Infectious Diseases

作　　者：丁见民[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学世界近现代史研究中心

出　　处：《世界历史》2015年第4期59-68,159,共10页World History

基　　金：国家社科基金项目<传染性疾病与美国早期社会研究>(项目编号:14BSS016);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目<传染性疾病与美国早期社会>(项目编号:NKZXA1409)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：自从1492年哥伦布"发现"新大陆后,欧洲人、非洲人来到北美大陆。伴随这些外来移民而至的还有致病的微生物,外来传染病极大地改变了北美印第安人的社会与生态环境。对此,印第安人并没有坐以待毙,而是依据自身所处的自然与文化环境做出反应。在经历了最初的恐惧和绝望之后,他们开始利用传统的治疗方法应对这些传染病。通过观察和学习,他们逐渐掌握了白人社会治疗疾病的一些方法和措施,并创造性地将它们融合到印第安人自身的传统当中,內化为印第安人新的医疗和文化体系。Since Columbus' s 'discovery' of the New Continent in 1492,Europeans and Africans started to immigrate to North America.As a result,the social and ecological circumstances of native Americans were drastically changed by pathogenic microbes carried along with these immigrants.But the natives did not accept the doom passively and reacted in ways based on their own natural and cultural strength.After an initial spell of terror and despair,they tried to ward off the diseases with traditional therapies.Furthermore,they observed and learned certain therapeutic methods and procedures from the White community,and creatively absorbed and internalized them into Indian traditions and cultures.

关 键 词：北美早期 印第安人 外来传染病 反应与调适 

分 类 号：K71[历史地理—历史学]