哈萨克族与汉族高血压患者疾病相关健康素养及血压达标影响因素比较  

Health literacy and factors related to blood pressure control among Kazakh and Han hypertension patients

作　　者：张庆华[1,2] 代亚丽[2] 郭玉芳[1] 詹怀峰 杨江艳 古丽沙拉 谢逆丽 张静平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅护理学院,湖南长沙410013 [2]新疆医科大学护理学院 [3]乌鲁木齐县甘沟乡卫生院 [4]乌鲁木齐市新市区银川路社区卫生服务站

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2015年第8期1020-1025,共6页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：中南大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2013zzts079);新疆医科大学科研创新基金(XJ201223)

摘　　要：目的比较哈萨克族和汉族高血压患者疾病相关健康素养及血压达标的影响因素，为明确不同民族健康素养干预的切人点及制定高血压患者干预策略提供参考依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法在新疆乌鲁木齐县哈萨克族聚居区以及乌鲁木齐市银川路社区、南梁破社区、金沙江路西社区抽取382例哈萨克族和374例汉族高血压患者进行疾病相关健康素养问卷调查，并按操作规范对其进行体格检查。结果哈萨克族高血压患者书面素养、功能性健康素养得分和疾病相关健康素养总分分别为（1．51±5．73）、（28．06±8．14）和（29．57±11．63）分，均低于汉族高血压患者的（24．41±10．86）、（40．16±16．75）和（64．57±23．61）分，差异均有统计学意义（P=0．000）；仅有1．3％和36．6％的哈萨克族和汉族高血压患者属于健康素养充足范围（总分〉75分）；哈萨克族和汉族高血压患者血压达标率分别为23．82％和46．79％，差异有统计学意义（χ2=43．72，P：0．000），40～59和≥60岁哈萨克族高血压患者收缩压和舒张压均高于汉族高血压患者，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示，体质指数（BMI）≥18．5kg／m2及有高血压并发症是哈萨克族高血压患者血压达标的危险因素，功能性缝康素养得分较高是哈萨克族高血压患者血压达标的保护因素；有高血压并发症是汉族高血压患者血压达标的危险因素，文化程度初中及以上是汉族高血压患者血压达标的保护因素。结论哈萨克族高血压患者疾病相关健康素养水平和血压达标率均明显低于汉族，体质指数、有无高血压并发症和功能性健康素养得分是哈萨克族高血压患者血压达标的影响因素，文化程度和有无高血压并发症是汉族高血压患者血压达标的影响因素。Objective To compare the status of health literacy and related risk factors of blood pressure control between Kazakh and Han hypertension patients. Methods Totally 382 Kazakh and 374 Han hypertension patients were recruited in Urumqi and investigated with the High Blood Pressure Health Literacy Scale （ HBP-HLS ） and a physical examination. Results Among the Kazakh and Han patients, the average scores of health literacy were 29. 57 ± 11.63 and 64. 57 ± 23.6, and the proportions of the patients with adequate health literacy was 1.3 % and 36. 3%, respectively, with statistically significant differences （ all P 〈 0. 05 ）. The rates of target achievement for blood pressure control in the Kazakh and Han patients were 23.82% and 46. 79%, with a significant difference（χ2 = 43.72, P = 0. 000）. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the Kazakh patients aged 40 years or older were significantly higher than those of the Han patients of the same age groups （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The results of multivariate unconditional logistic regression showed that the influence factors of blood pressure control in the Kazakh and Han patients were functional health literacy, body mass index（BMI） ,hypertensive complications, and education level. Conclusion Health literacy level was lower in Kazakh hypertension patients than in the Han patients; BMI and functional health literacy were factors related to target achieve- ment of blood pressure control for the Kazakh hypertension patients and education level and complication of hypertension were the factors for the Han hypertension patients.

关 键 词：高血压 健康素养 血压达标 哈萨克族 汉族 

分 类 号：R544.1[医药卫生—心血管疾病]