农村成人乙肝疫苗接种服务可及性研究  

Accessibility of hepatitis B vaccination service among rural adults in Hebei province

作　　者：刘彩[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津中医药大学管理学院公共事业管理教研室,天津300073

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2015年第8期1034-1037,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(71303171)

摘　　要：目的 了解农村成人乙肝疫苗接种服务可及性,为提高接种率提供依据。方法 采用多阶段概率比例规模抽样方法,抽取河北省保定和石家庄市4 020名16～60岁居民进行问卷调查。结果 93.0%的居民距离最近接种机构的距离〈1 km,70.0%的居民前往最近接种机构时间在5～10 min,随着到最近接种机构时间的增加,乙肝疫苗接种率降低（P〈0.01）;自感经济状况改善组居民乙肝疫苗接种率（24.3%）高于下降组（16.6%）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;有接种史者乙肝认知得分为（12.8±3.92）分,高于无接种史者的（10.0±5.19）分,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;不同乙肝认知得分的居民乙肝疫苗接种情况差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;76.5%的居民接种信息来自村医或村干部的宣传或通知,41.3%的居民在村卫生室接种。结论 应通过新农合政策等提高经济可及性,改变村医激励机制,发挥其优势和作用。Objective To explore the accessibility of hepatitis B vaccination service among adults in rural areas and to provide evidences for the improvement of coverage rate of vaccination. Methods A total of 4 020 adults aged 16 -60 years were selected from 12 villages in 4 counties of Baoding and Shijiazhuang city with probability proportionate to size sampling and surveyed with a questionnaire. Results There were 93.0% of the adults living in the area 〈 1 km from the nearest vaccination institution and 70. 0% of the adults could get to the nearest vaccination institution within 5 - 10 minutes. The coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccination in the adults decreased with the increase of time to reach the nearest injection institution from their living residence（ P 〈 0. 01 ） ; the coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccination was higher in the adults with a better self-evaluated economic status （24. 3% ）than those with a worse self-evaluated economic status （ 16. 6% ） and the difference was statistically significant（ P 〈 0. 01 ）. The average score of knowledge about hepatitis B was higher in the adults with hepatitis B vaccination history than that in the adults without the vaccination history（ 12. 8 vs. 10.0 ） ,with a statistically significant difference（P 〈0. 01 ） ; the coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccination was signifi- cantly different among the residents with different knowledge level about hepatitis B （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Of all the adults 76. 5 % got vaccination information from village doctors and village cadres and 41.3% took the vaccination at village clinics. Conclusion New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme should be involved and incentive mechanism should be promoted among village doctors to improve the accessibility of hepatitis B vaccination in rural adults.

关 键 词：乙肝疫苗 可及性 农村 成人 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]