水氮组合模式对双季稻氮肥利用效率的影响  

Effects of Water and Nitrogenous Fertilizer Coupling on Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Double-season Rice

作　　者：傅志强[1] 龙攀[1] 刘依依[1] 谢天洋 钟娟[1] 龙文飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,长沙410128

出　　处：《农学学报》2015年第8期12-18,共7页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"长江中游南部(湖南)双季稻持续丰产高效技术集成创新与示范"(2011BAD16B01);"双季稻抗逆均衡增产技术研究与示范"(2012BAD04B10);"长江中游南部(湖南)水稻丰产节水节肥技术集成与示范"(2013BAD07B11)

摘　　要：为给双季稻水肥高效利用调控技术提供支撑,采用水肥耦合方式,设置间歇灌溉和淹水灌溉2种灌溉方式,高氮、中氮、低氮和不施氮4种施肥方式,开展大田试验研究不同水氮组合对双季稻氮积累量和氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,淹水灌溉下,以施高氮处理的植株氮积累量最高,早稻分别比施中氮、低氮和不施氮高20.8%、22.7%和59.4%,晚稻分别高出13.9%、27.0%、58.6%;间歇灌溉下,早稻以施中氮处理的植株氮积累量最高,分别比施高氮、低氮和不施氮高5.2%、15.8%和59.5%,晚稻以施高氮处理最高,依次比施中氮、低氮和不施氮高1.9%、15.4%、56.3%。水稻植株氮积累量总体随着施氮量的增加而增加。同一灌溉条件下,氮素农学利用率、氮素干物质生产率、氮素稻谷生产率、氮素偏生产力和氮素生理利用率均随施氮量的增加而减少;相同施氮水平下,间歇灌溉的水稻植株氮积累量、氮素农学利用率、氮素生理利用率均要高于淹水灌溉。间歇灌溉有利于提高氮素利用率,促进双季稻节水节肥生产。To provide support for the efficient use of water and fertilizer technology to double rice cultivation, water and fertilizer coupling mode was applied in this research, including two irrigation methods and four N levels. The irrigation methods were flood irrigation and intermittent irrigation, while the four N levels were exactly high-N, middle-N, low-N and none-N. Field experiment was conducted to study the effects of water and fertilizer coupling mode on N accumulation of double rice and N use efficiency. The results showed that in flood irrigation, the largest plant-N accumulation appeared in high-N treatment, in early rice season it was 20.8%, 22.7%, 59.4% higher than middle-N, low-N and none-N respectively; whereas in late rice season was 13.9%, 27.0%, 58.6% higher correspondingly. In intermittent irrigation, the largest plant-N accumulation appeared in middle-N treatment for early rice season, and it was 5.2%, 15.8%, 59.5% higher than high-N, low-N and none-N; as for late rice season the largest total N accumulation appeared in high-N treatment with increase of 1.9%, 15.4%, 56.3% than middle-N, low-N and none-N. On the whole, N agronomic efficiency plant-N accumulation increased with the increase of applied N amount. Under the same irrigation, N grain production efficiency, N dry matter production efficiency, N partial factor productivity and N physiological efficiency all reduced with increasing amount of N. Under the same nitrogen levels, total N accumulation, N agronomic efficiency, N physiological efficiency in intermittent irrigation were all higher than that in flood irrigation. Intermittent irrigation helped to improve nitrogen use efficiency, and promote water-saving and fertilizer-saving double rice cultivation.

关 键 词：双季稻 灌溉 施肥方式 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S3[农业科学—农艺学]