微核实验在环境健康综合监测中的应用  

Micronucleus test and its application in environmental health monitoring

作　　者：郭辰[1] 吕占禄[1] 钱岩[1] 王先良[1] 吴家兵[2] 梁豹 王菲菲[1] 潘丽波[1] 马瑾[1] 魏永杰[1] 张金良[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [2]安徽医科大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生系,合肥230032

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2015年第4期590-595,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(20907047);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2012CB525005);国家环保公益性行业科研专项(201309045;201409079);中国环境科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项基金(2008KYYW05)资助~~

摘　　要：环境健康综合监测是我国环境健康工作未来的重要发展方向之一,但现有工作只重点关注污染物成分组成,缺乏健康效应信息,微核实验作为遗传毒性检测的标准化实验,具有准确性高、操作简单等特点,适合用于环境健康监测工作中.本文综述了微核实验,包括植物微核实验,动物体内、体外细胞微核实验的特点及其在环境污染物遗传毒性监测中的应用;同时对微核实验的发展和应用进行了综述,胞质分裂阻滞法(CBMNT)弥补了传统微核实验的不足,微核实验与荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)、抗着丝粒抗体染色方法(CREST)等检测技术的联用还可以揭示微核形成的机制,自动化检测技术的发展使微核实验结果更加快速、直观.因此,微核实验作为体外毒理学指标之一,可在明确受污染环境主要污染物组成的基础上补充污染物的健康效应等基础数据,在环境健康综合监测工作中可被广泛应用,以进一步完善该体系.Environmental health monitoring is the future focus of environmental health research in China. Current work is mainly focused on the composition of contaminants, lacking information of health effects. Micronucleus test （MNT） is one of the standard methods to detect genetic toxicity. MNT is simple and accurate and suitable for environmental health monitoring. This paper reviewed the application of MNT in genetic toxicity monitoring of environmental contaminant including plant MNT, in vitro MNT and in vivo MNT. It also reviewed the application and advancement of MNT. CBMNT is proved to be more accurate than traditional MNT; CBMNT combined with other techniques including FISH and CREST can reveal mechanisms of micronucleus formation. The development of automation detection methods makes MNT more efficient and visualized. As an in vitro toxicity test, MNT can provide information of health effects of pollutants whose composition is known. Thus MNT can be broadly used in environmental health monitoring and improve this system.

关 键 词：环境健康综合监测 植物微核 体外微核 自动化 高内涵筛选 

分 类 号：R994.6[医药卫生—毒理学]