发光细菌法在黄岛溢油污染海水遗传毒性评价中的应用  

Genotoxicity evaluation based on luminescent bacteria Acinetobacter sp.RecA for seawater contaminated by Huangdao oil spill

作　　者：栾晓[1] 崔志松[1] 高伟[1] 文小龙[2] 徐广飞[2] 李倩[1] 孙承君[1] 郑立[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第一海洋研究所海洋生态研究中心,青岛266061 [2]青岛科技大学化学与分子工程学院,青岛266042

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2015年第4期665-671,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：科技部科技基础性工作专项(2012FY130300);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2014G12);泰山学者海外创新人才基金资助~~

摘　　要：2013年11月22日,黄岛输油管线发生爆炸,胶州湾局部岸滩、水体受到不同程度的溢油污染.选取溢油后90 d内距离溢油点1-15 km的5个站点,结合GC-MS分析,将一种快速检测遗传毒性的发光细菌Acinetobacter sp.RecA应用于溢油污染海水样品的毒性评价.研究发现,溢油后的第1天(2013.11.23)距离泄漏原油入海口1 km以内的S1、S2、S3站点海水样品的石油烃含量为0.55-1.04 mg/L,其遗传毒性相当于0.60-1.78 mg/L的丝裂霉素C(MMC);海水中的石油烃含量随时间逐渐降低至<0.02 mg/L,其遗传毒性也随之逐渐降低.而距离泄漏原油入海口>5 km的S4、S5站点海水样品的石油烃含量一直较低(<0.02 mg/L),表现为低毒或无毒.本研究表明,使用菌株Rec A作为全细胞生物传感器可快速检测原油泄漏事故中污染海水样品的遗传毒性,并监测污染海水随时间的遗传毒性动态变化,可为海洋污染的环境风险评估提供技术支撑.After the Sinopec pipeline explosion on Nov. 22, 2013 at Huangdao, China, local beaches and sea water at Jiaozhou Bay was polluted by crude oil to different degrees. This study investigated the ecological effect of petroleum hydrocarbons in seawater on marine organisms with a rapid genotoxicity detection method based on the luminescent bacteria Acinetobacter sp. RecA. We collected seawater samples from five sites 1 km to 15 km away from the oil leakage point during a time course of 90 days. The chemical composition of petroleum hydrocarbons in the seawater samples were analyzed by GC-MS. Meanwhile, the genotoxicity of each sample was determined by Acinetobacter sp. RecA using mitomycin C （MMC） as reference standard toxicant. The results showed that the petroleum hydrocarbon contents of 3 samples from sites S1, S2, and S3 within 1 km from the oil leakage point were from 0.55 mg/L to 1.04 mg/L. The corresponding genotoxicity was equivalent to 0.60 mg/L to 1.78 mg/L of MMC. The genotoxicity level decreased as the petroleum hydrocarbon content gradually decreased to 〈 0.02 mg/L over time. The samples from sites S4 and S5 which were over 5 km away from the oil leakage point had low petroleum hydrocarbons content （〈 0.02 mg/L） and exhibited low or no genotoxicity during the 90 days. The results suggested that as a whole cell biosensor, luminescent bacteria Acinetobacter sp. RecA can quickly and accurately detect genotoxicity of contaminated sea water. This method has great potential in providing technical support after marine oil spill. It can also be used to monitor the dynamics for environmental risk assessment of marine pollution.

关 键 词：黄岛溢油 石油烃 发光细菌 遗传毒性 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]