烟草黑胫病生防菌的筛选、定殖及应用评价  

Screening,colonization and application evaluation of biocontrol bacteria against tobacco black shank disease

作　　者：曾衡[1] 徐迪红[1,2] 冀志霞[1] 陈守文[1] 魏雪团[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学农业微生物学国家重点实验室,武汉430070 [2]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070 [3]华中农业大学食品科技学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2015年第4期672-677,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：湖北省自然科学基金(2014CFB943);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(2662015QC035)资助~~

摘　　要：为有效防治烟草黑胫病,筛选了3株可高效拮抗烟草黑胫病菌(Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae)的生防菌ZH、C9和C20,经生理生化和基因序列分析,3株菌都被鉴定为解淀粉芽胞杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens).以ZH为代表性菌株进行定殖实验.结果显示,解淀粉芽胞杆菌ZH在土壤和烟草植株体内都具有良好的定殖能力,123 d后根际土壤和根围土壤中生防菌的生物量分别达到9.07×106 CFU/g和1.2×107 CFU/g,烟草茎、叶内的生防菌生物量分别达到1.83×104CFU/g和5.58×104 CFU/g.以正常施用化学药剂的烟草为对照,以ZH、C9和C20混合菌剂进行生防菌大田应用试验.与对照相比,施用混合菌株发酵液不同时期的防效为85.37%-95.11%.同时,烟草的产量相比对照每公顷增产20.18%,每公顷增值31.27%.本研究提供了一种新型高效的烟草黑胫病生防菌及其大田应用方法,具有重要的应用价值.Tobacco black shank disease is a serious soil-spread fungal disease, leading to great economic loss to tobacco crop of China. To prevent and control tobacco black shank disease, three strains （ZH, C9 and C20） with high antagonist ability against tobacco black shank pathogens （Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae） were isolated. By physiological, biochemical test and gene sequence analysis, the three strains were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Colonization experiment results showed that the B. amyloliquefaciens ZH had high colonization ability in the plant and soil. After 123 d, the bio-control bacteria number reached 9.07 × 106 CFU/g and 1.2 × 107 CFU/g, respectively, in the rhizosphere soil and rhizoplane soil, and 1.83 × 104 CFU/g in tobacco stem and 5.58 × 104 CFU/g in the leaf. Bio-control bacteria field experiment with normal use of chemical pesticides as control found the biocontrol effect of the treatment with mixed-strain fermentation liquor ranging from 85.37% to 95.11% during different periods. At the same time, the tobacco yield was increased by 20.18%, with a 31.27% increase in production value. The results suggested that the bio-control bacteria are effective against tobacco black shank disease, therefore of large-scale agricultural application potential.

关 键 词：烟草黑胫病 生物防治 解淀粉芽胞杆菌 定殖 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S435.72[农业科学—植物保护]