银木凋落叶分解对玉米生长的影响及施肥的缓解作用  

Allelopathy of Cinnamomum septentrionale leaf litter on maize growth and relieving effect of fertilization

作　　者：杨珊珊[1] 王茜[1] 胡红玲[1] 陈洪[1] 陈玉凤[1] 廖玉华[1] 谭飞[1] 胡庭兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学林学院,成都611130

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2015年第4期770-776,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：四川省"十二五"育种攻关项目(2011NZ0098-10);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAC09B05);国家大学生创新性实验项目(1310626021)~~

摘　　要：采用盆栽试验,探究不同添加量银木(Cinnamomum septentrionale)凋落叶在分解过程中对玉米(Zea mays)生长的影响.试验设置0(对照)、40、80和160 g/盆4个水平的凋落叶处理,分别记作CK、T1、T2和T3.共设置3组试验:一是只添加凋落叶,二是以底肥(1.5 g/盆)的形式施入,三是以追肥(0.5 g/盆×6)形式施入.结果表明:1)未施肥试验组中,玉米高生长在凋落叶处理下受到显著抑制,且抑制效应随添加量的增大而增强(平均化感效应指数RI分别为-0.032 6、-0.134 0、-0.347 8).凋落叶分解20 d后,玉米体内抗氧化酶(SOD、POD和CAT)活性变化较小,丙二醛(MDA)含量却随凋落叶添加量的增加而显著增加(RI分别为0.112 8、0.204 0、0.390 5);各添加量凋落叶处理下叶片可溶糖(SS)含量显著增加,可溶性蛋白(SP)含量在T3处理下受到显著抑制(RI=-0.349 3).分解40 d后,玉米体内抗氧化酶(SOD、POD和CAT)活性受到显著抑制,各处理间MDA含量却无显著差异;不同添加量凋落叶对SS无显著影响,而对SP表现出显著抑制作用(RI分别达-0.239 8、-0.458 1、-0.314 2).随着分解时间的继续延长,各剂量凋落叶处理在上述多项生理指标上与CK不再有显著差异.2)在施底肥试验组中,玉米多项指标在凋落叶分解前40 d内无显著差异,但经过60 d分解后,T3处理下玉米叶片SP含量、POD、CAT活性及高生长受到显著抑制;在施追肥试验组中,除POD活性和T3处理下的SP含量仍受到显著抑制外,其余各处理间玉米多项指标始终无显著差异,表明施追肥对银木凋落叶化感抑制作用的缓解效果更佳.综上所述,银木凋落叶分解对玉米生长产生了明显的化感作用,而施肥能够在一定程度上缓解这种效应.This research aimed to understand the effect of decomposing Cinnamomum septentrionale leaf litter on growth of maize, and to observe the resistance physiology of maize to such effect with different fertilization regimes. The pot experiment set four levels of leaf litter addition including the control （CK, 0 g per pot）, T1 （40 g per pot）, T2 （80 g per pot） and T3 （160 g per pot）. Additionally, compound fertilizer ＂Stanley＂ was added in three ways of no fertilization, basal fertilizer addition at the rate of 1.5 g pot-1 and top application at the rate of 0.5 g pot-1 week-1 × 6. The results showed that the height of unfertilized maize was significantly inhibited under all treatments of leaf litter addition, with the inhibition effect increasing with leaf litter （RI = -0.032 6, -0.134 0, -0.347 8, repectively for T1, T2 and T3）. After 20 days of decomposition, the activity of catalase （CAT）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD） and the soluble protein （SP） content showed no significant differences among all treatments, but the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） was significantly increased （RI = 0.112 8, 0.204 0, 0.390 5, repectively for T1, T2 and T3）. After 20 days of decomposition, the content of soluble sugar （SS） was significantly increased in all treatments but the soluble protein （SP） content was significantly inhibited in T3 treatment （RI = -0.3493）. After 40 days of decomposition, the activity of CAT, SOD, POD was significantly inhibited, but the content of MDA showed no significant differences among all treatments. Meanwhile, the content of SS showed no significant differences among all treatments while the content of SP was significantly inhibited （RI = -0.239 8, -0.458 1, -0.314 2, repectively for T1, T2 and T3）. With the decomposition prolonged, most indexes showed no significant differences. For the basal fertilizer addition, after 40 days of decomposition, most indexes showed no significant differences, but after 60 days of decomposi

关 键 词：银木 凋落叶 化感作用 玉米 施肥 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]