核桃凋落叶分解对菠菜生长和生理特性的影响  

Effects of Juglans regia leaf litter decomposition on growth and physiological characteristics of spinach(Spinacia oleracea)

作　　者：周光良 胡庭兴[1] 吴张磊 陈洪[1] 罗杰[1] 黎万军 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学林学院,雅安625014

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2015年第4期777-782,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAC09B05)~~

摘　　要：通过盆栽试验,探讨核桃(Juglans regia)凋落叶在土壤中分解对受体植物菠菜(Spinacia oleracea)生长、光合生理及抗性生理的影响.试验设置A1(30 g?盆)、A2(60 g?盆)、A3(90 g?盆)3个凋落叶施用水平,对照(CK)不添加凋落叶.结果表明:(1)凋落叶分解到75 d时,菠菜株高、主根长、地上、地下生物量均随凋落叶添加量的增大而呈显著的下降趋势,分解到95-115 d时,各形态指标受到的抑制作用减弱,135 d时凋落叶的进一步分解对菠菜生长产生了促进作用;(2)在分解的前115 d,各凋落叶处理的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量均低于CK,且以75 d时表现得最为明显,而分解到135 d时各凋落叶处理的光合色素含量均显著高于CK;(3)经凋落叶处理的菠菜叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)均显著低于CK,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)仅在A1处理下低于CK,在A2和A3处理下均高于CK;(4)菠菜叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在凋落叶处理下先被诱导上升(75 d),之后又受到明显的抑制作用(95-115 d),到135 d时再次明显地高于CK;而丙二醛(MDA)含量在75 d时与CK差异不显著,95 d时随着凋落叶量的增加呈显著上升趋势,115 d时这种趋势有所减弱,到135 d时几乎回复到正常状态.综合各项指标可见,核桃凋落叶在分解初期(75 d)对菠菜产生了强烈的化感作用,主要通过氧化损伤、抑制叶绿素合成、降低其光合能力而妨碍其生长,之后随着凋落叶的进一步分解,释放的化感物质越来越少而营养物质逐渐增多,对菠菜生长的抑制作用减弱以至转变为促进作用.A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of leaf litter decomposition of Juglans regia on the growth, photosynthetic and resistant physiology of the recipient plant spinach （Spinacia oleracea）. Four levels of leaf litter addition were applied to soil including A1 （30 g/pot）, A2 （60 g/pot）, A3 （90 g/pot） and CK （no leaf litter added）. 1） When the leaf litter decomposed to 75 d, the plant height, taproot length, belowground and aboveground biomass of S. oleracea significantly decreased with more leaf litter addition; when the leaf litter decomposed to 95-115 d, the inhibition effect on the same indicators was weakened; the growth of S. oleracea was even promoted when leaf litter decomposed to 135 d. 2） Before 115 d of leaf litter decomposition, the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid in S. oleracea in all treatment were lower than those in CK, with the lowest at 75 d. However, when leaf litter decomposed to 135 d, the contents of chlorophyll of S. oleracea were significantly higher than that in CK. 3） The net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, stomatal conductance （Gs） and transpiration rate （Tr） of S. oleracea with leaf litter added were significantly lower than those in CK. Moreover, the intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci） in treatment A1 was lower than that in CK, while that in A2 and A3 was higher than in CK. 4） The activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD） and Catalase （CAT） in S. oleracea were first enhanced with the increase of leaf litter addition （75 d）, then significantly decreased （95-115 d）, and then significantly increased at last （135 d）. The content of MDA did not show significant difference compared to that in CK （75 d）, but significantly increased with leaf litter addition （95 d）. But this increasing trend slowed down （115 d）, and restored to normal condition （135 d）. The results indicated that J. regia leaf litter has strong allelopathic effect on S. oleracea especially in the initial stage of

关 键 词：核桃 凋落叶 化感作用 菠菜 光合特性 抗性生理 

分 类 号：S636.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]