古建筑木结构叉柱造式斗栱节点抗震性能试验研究  

Experimental study on seismic behavior of fork-column “Dougong”joints in timber structures of Chinese ancient buildings

作　　者：谢启芳[1,2] 向伟[1,3] 杜彬[1] 郑培君[1] 吴波[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学,陕西西安710055 [2]华南理工大学亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室,广东广州510640 [3]华电电力科学研究院,浙江杭州310030

出　　处：《土木工程学报》2015年第8期19-28,共10页China Civil Engineering Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51108373;51278399);国家文物局文物保护科学和技术研究课题(20110123);陕西省青年科技新星项目(2013KJXX-56);亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室开放课题(2014KA05)

摘　　要：斗栱是中国古建筑特有的形制,具有建筑装饰、传递荷载和耗能减震等综合作用。为研究叉柱造式斗栱节点的抗震性能,以独乐寺观音阁平座层叉柱造式斗栱为研究对象,参照宋《营造法式》三等材的营造方法,制作5个叉柱造式斗栱节点。通过低周反复荷载试验,研究叉柱造式斗栱节点的破坏形态、滞回特性、抗转动承载力、转动刚度、刚度退化和耗能等抗震性能,分析不同营造形式、不同竖向荷载等因素对斗栱节点抗震性能的影响以及双朵斗栱协同工作效应。试验结果表明:叉柱造式斗栱节点主要破坏形态是柱叉、散斗的劈裂,栌斗的开裂和受压屈服,枋弯曲断裂以及构件的分离与滑移。斗栱节点的弯矩-转角滞回曲线呈"S"形,滞回环"捏缩"效应明显;双枋斗栱节点的滞回曲线对称性好,而单枋斗栱节点的正、负向滞回曲线显著不对称。斗栱节点弯矩-转角骨架曲线的发展过程可划分为基本弹性阶段、弹塑性上升阶段和平稳破坏阶段三个阶段,并根据试验结果建立斗栱节点的弯矩-转角简化计算模型。竖向荷载越大,节点抗转动承载力和转动刚度越大,根据试验结果建立斗栱节点转动刚度的竖向荷载影响系数计算公式。研究成果对我国叉柱造式古建筑木结构的保护具有重要参考价值。As a peculiar shape in Chinese buildings, ＂Dougong＂ has the functions of building decoration, load transfer and seismic energy dissipation. The ＂Dougong＂ joints of Guan Yin Pavilion of Dule Temple are selected as investigation objects. Based on the dimensional requirements in the Fabrication Methods of Song Dynasty＇s third-class material system, five ＂ Dougong＂ joint models were made. Their seismic behaviors and changing laws, such as failure characteristics, hysteretic behaviors, bearing capacity, degeneration of stiffness and energy dissipation were analyzed by the low cyclic reversed loading experiments. The influence factors of ＂ Dougong＂ joint＇s seismic performance were considered, including different construction forms, different vertical loads and two ＂Dougong＂ joints＇ coordination work effect. The results show that the main failure patterns are splitting of column fork and hash bucket, cracking and compressive yielding of cap block, bending fracture of Fangs, separation and slipping between components. The hysteretic curves behave as S shape and the curves have obvious ＂gathering effect＂. The hysteretic curves of two-Fangs ＂Dougong＂ joint model have better symmetry than sing｜e-Fang ＂Dougong＂ joint model. The skeleton curve development process can be divided into three phases, i.e. basic rise in elastic stage, elastic-plastic stage and steady stage. Based on the test results, the bending moment-rotation simplified model is established. The rotation capacity and flexural rigidity of models increase with the vertical load. The relationship formula between ＂Dougong＂ rotational stiffness and vertical load is proposed. The research results can provide reference for seismic assessment of existing ancient timber structure buildings with fork-column ＂Dougong＂ joints.

关 键 词：古建筑木结构 斗栱节点 叉柱造式 低周反复荷载试验 转动刚度 抗震性能 

分 类 号：TU366.2[建筑科学—结构工程]