铅铋堆嬗变燃料初步选型与分析  

Selection and analysis of transmutation fuel in lead-bismuth cooled reactor

作　　者：梅华平[1] 吴庆生[1] 韩骞[1] 陈建伟[1] 黄群英[1] 吴宜灿[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院中子输运理论与辐射安全重点实验室中国科学院核能安全技术研究所,合肥230031

出　　处：《核技术》2015年第8期82-88,共7页Nuclear Techniques

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目"加速器驱动次临界堆瞬态安全过程与影响机理研究"(No.91026004);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项"未来先进核裂变能-ADS嬗变系统"项目(No.XDA03040000)资助

摘　　要：分离嬗变目前看来是次锕系核素回收和处理的比较可行路径,嬗变燃料研究也是第四代核能系统和先进核燃料循环技术的研究热点。本文简要归纳了嬗变燃料研究的主要特点以及当前国内外的研究现状,建议我国大力发展相关技术,特别是快堆嬗变燃料。此外,通过分析铅铋快堆/加速器驱动次临界系统(Accelerator Driven Sub-critical System,ADS)的特点和传统快堆燃料性质,得出氮化物嬗变燃料是目前铅铋堆嬗变燃料优选方案的结论。对中国科学院正在建设的ADS嬗变系统,期望未来考虑开展氮化物燃料的辐照和嬗变性能测试。Background： The partitioning and transmutation （P＆T） is considered as a feasible method to deal with nuclear waste. Lead-bismuth reactor is one of the most promising nuclear energy systems for Accelerator Driven System （ADS） and Generation-IV reactors. Transmutation fuel is concerned by both P＆T and ADS system. Purpose： The aim is to select a suitable transmutation fuel for the lead-bismuth reactor. Methods： In this work, we analyzed characteristics of lead-bismuth reactor and ADS system, and summarized main features of transmutation fuels and design schemes of lead-bismuth reactors. Results： Most lead-bismuth reactors select nitride fuel, and features of nitride fuel are much more suitable than other fuels for the lead-bismuth system. Conclusion： Nitride fuel is currently the optimum selection of transmutation fuel in the lead-bismuth cooled reactor. Irradiation and transmutation experiments for nitride fuel in the Chinese Academy of Sciences ADS system are expected.

关 键 词：铅铋堆 嬗变 燃料 次锕系核素 氮化物燃料 

分 类 号：TL291[核科学技术—核燃料循环与材料]