高等植物水平基因转移研究进展  

Research Progress of Horizontal Gene Transfer Between Higher Plants

作　　者：刘英[1] 刘广达[1] 苏小娟[1] 陈贵林[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学生命科学学院,内蒙古自治区中蒙药材规范化生产工程技术研究中心,呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《植物生理学报》2015年第7期985-995,共11页Plant Physiology Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31260117);国家科技支撑计划课题(2011BAI07B07)

摘　　要：水平基因转移(horizontal gene transfer,HGT)是一种跨越物种界限的遗传物质传递方式,在细菌、真菌、病毒、原生生物和真核生物基因组中都有发生,被认为是生物进化的主要动力之一。新一代测序技术的发展使我们可以获得足够多的植物基因组信息进行高等植物HGT的研究。然而,多细胞真核生物(特别是植物)中HGT的发生范围、发生途径和进化意义尚存争议。本文综述了高等植物基因组中的HGT现象,介绍了三类HGT转移机制:一是错位授粉导致的HGT;二是以载体为媒介进行交换的HGT,其中可能的载体包括真菌、细菌、病毒、转座子以及昆虫;三是具有亲密接触的植物间频繁发生的HGT,如寄生、共生、嫁接等。也简要介绍了目前常用的一些HGT评判方法。最后阐述了HGT在植物寄生、登陆和光合作用等进化方面的作用,并展望了高等植物中HGT的倾向性,这为搜寻这一现象提供了方向。Horizontal gene transfer （HGT） is a way of passing genetic material across species boundaries, which occurs frequently in bacteria, fungi, viruses, protists and eukaryotic genomes, is considered to be one of the main drivers of biological evolution. Due to the development of the next-generation sequencing technology, we can get more enough of genome information to study the HGT of higher plants. However, occurrence scopes, occurrence pathways and evolutionary significance of HGT in multicellular eukaryotes （especially plants） are controversial. This paper firstly summarized the HGT phenomenon in the genomes of higher plants, then introduced three types of the transfer mechanisms of HGT： the first was caused by the dislocated pollination; the second was caused by exchanged with a vector as a carrier medium, possible vectors include fungi, bacteria, viruses, transposons and insects; the third was caused by the frequent occurrence between the plants having intimate contact, such as parasitism, symbiosis, grafting, etc. And we also gave brief introductions about some currently commonly used evaluation methods of HGT. Finally we expounded the role of HGT in evolution such as plant parasitism, landing and photosynthesis, and prospected the tendency of HGT in higher plants, which may provide the direction to search for this phenomenon.

关 键 词：高等植物 水平基因转移 HGT转移机制 HGT评判 植物进化 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学]