狭义相对论的前提与全速域狭义相对论理论模型的构建原则  

On the Hypotheses of Special Theory of Relativity and Principles of the Theoretical Model Establishment of Full-Velocity-Scope Special Theory of Relativity

作　　者：任晓敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京邮电大学信息光子学与光通信国家重点实验室,北京100876

出　　处：《北京邮电大学学报》2015年第3期13-27,共15页Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2010CB327600);国家自然科学基金重大国际合作研究项目(61020106007);科技部国际合作计划重点项目;中俄政府间科技合作计划项目(2006DFB11110;CR-B-30);科技部国际科技合作项目(2011DFR11010);中俄NSFC-RFBR联合资助项目(61211120195);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助课题(20130005130001);信息光子学与光通信国家重点实验室自主研究课题;国家自然科学基金委员会与俄罗斯基础研究基金会合作交流项目(6141101100);教育部和国家外专局共同设立的"通信与网络核心技术"学科创新引智基地项目(B07005);北京市科学技术委员会设立的"信息光电子学与纳异质结构"北京市国际科技合作基地项目

摘　　要：基于笔者提出的弥聚子论的基本概念及其中对于主要反映超高速领域物质运动与时空之间关系的爱因斯坦狭义相对论(或称"高速狭义相对论")的尝试性拓展——预言了有可能显著存在于超低速领域的低速狭义相对论效应乃至有可能显著存在于超高速和超低速领域、同时涉及介于两者之间的常速领域的全速域狭义相对论效应,对爱因斯坦狭义相对论的前提进行了评述、质疑与修正,其要点包括:第一,指出了爱因斯坦在"以狭义相对性原理为前提"的名义下所做推导的前提超出了纯粹意义上的狭义相对性原理,它实际上隐含了独立且具有潜在局限性的"伽利略极限契合原理"和"线性时空变换假设";第二,指出了依据对电磁波运动的考察和狭义相对性原理而得出的光速不变原理在其意义和作用方面存在一定的局限性,而通过对实物体运动的考察则有可能获得等价于光速不变原理或较之更具普遍意义的能够作为狭义相对论前提的原理,从而有可能更深刻、更充分地反映狭义相对论效应的物理本质乃至引发狭义相对论的变革;第三,区分了光速不变原理与"固有常数光速个例性原理",指出了狭义相对性原理不仅寓于相关时空变换表达式的高度对称性之中,还必寓于其他与物理过程相关的原理之中;第四,依据前期研究成果对狭义相对论的前提进行了更新,即扬弃了光速不变原理并代之以先前提出的实物体运动存在速度上限和下限的"双极限速原理"及与之孪生的"双极限速质量-速度关联原理",并指出了在笔者所期待的狭义相对论的变革中恰当运用"伽利略极限契合原理"或将其推广为"洛仑兹极限契合原理"乃至推广为扬弃具体极限情形的"一般性极限契合原理"以及放弃"线性时空变换假设"转而依循"时空变换数学形式的开放性原则"的必要性.在此基础上,通过在上限速单极近�Based on the fundamental concept of the author＇s bivergentum theory and therein the attempt of the extension of Einstein＇s special theory of relativity（ or called as ＂high-speed special theory of relativity＂,ESTR or HS-STR）,which shows the relationship between the matter movement and the spacetime status mainly in the super-high speed regime,with the consequence of having predicted the lowspeed special relativistic effect which may exist explicitly in the super-low speed regime and,furthermore,the full-velocity-scope special relativistic effect which may exist explicitly in both the super-high speed and the super-low speed regimes and also involves the in-between common speed regime,some comments,queries and modifications on the hypotheses of ESTR are made and the main points therein are as follows： First of all,it is pointed out that the so called ＂principle of special relativity（ PSR） ＂which was adopted as one of the hypotheses in Einstein＇s derivation for the establishment of ESTR surpasses the purest-sense principle of special relativity,because it contains actually but implicitly the independent principle of Galileo-limit correspondence and the independent assumption of linear time-space transformation（ TST）,both being of,at least potentially,the lack of generality. Secondly,it is realized that the principle of constancy of light velocity（ PCLV） which was revealed from the observation of the movement of electromagnetic waves as well as the PSR seems to be limited to some extent in its worthiness,while,based on the observation of the movement of the real physical objects,it would be possible to find some proper principle or principles which could be equivalent to or even more general than the PCLV so that could be taken as relevant hypothesis or hypotheses of the special theory of relativity（ STR）,and then more insightful and more comprehensive physical essences of the relativistic effects could be reflected and some significant changes of STR could be induced; Thirdly,the

关 键 词：弥聚子论 狭义相对论 低速狭义相对论 全速域狭义相对论 狭义相对性原理 光速不变原理 固有常数光速个例性原理 双极限速原理 上限速单极近似 下限速单极近似 质量-速度关联原理 时空变换 伽利略变换 洛仑兹变换 伽利略极限契合原理 洛仑兹极限契合原理 一般性极限契合原理 线性时空变换假设 时空变换数学形式的开放性原则 

分 类 号：O412.1[理学—理论物理]