颈部烧伤后瘢痕挛缩畸形的手术策略  

Surgical strategy for postburn cervical scar contracture

作　　者：冯少清[1] 苏薇洁[1] 喜雯婧 闵沛如[1] 濮哲铭[1] 张艳[1] 章一新[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院整复外科,200011

出　　处：《中华烧伤杂志》2015年第4期280-284,共5页Chinese Journal of Burns

摘　　要：目的探讨颈部烧伤后瘢痕挛缩畸形的手术策略。方法2013年7月-2014年7月，笔者单位收治65例颈部烧伤后瘢痕挛缩患者。按颈部下唇唇红缘一颌上区、颌下区、颈前区3个解剖学亚单位的不同要求，对颈部挛缩瘢痕进行相应松解，后行颈阔肌松解术，部分颏部发育短小患者行水平截骨颏成形术。依据覆盖颈部创面的皮肤组织与创周皮肤组织的色泽、质地、厚度等尽可能接近的相似性原则，除学龄前患儿行皮片移植外，根据患者情况分别采用局部皮瓣、邻位皮瓣或游离皮瓣修复创面。结果所有患者均行瘢痕松解及颈阔肌松解术；9例患者行水平截骨颏成形术；32例患者采用局部扩张皮瓣，7例患者采用邻位皮瓣，11例患者采用游离皮瓣，15例患者采用皮片。术后所有皮片、皮瓣均成活，所有患者术后颈部活动良好，重建后的颏颈角角度为90—120°。随访6～24个月，6例植皮患者出现一定程度的皮片挛缩，采用皮瓣修复的患者均未见挛缩现象。结论颈部瘢痕挛缩畸形的治疗以颏颈角重建为重点，依据亚单位原则松解挛缩瘢痕，依据相似性原则修复创面，优先采用皮瓣移植术，次选植皮术，可取得较佳修复效果。Objective To explore the surgical strategy for postburn cervical scar contracture. Methods Sixty-five patients with scar contracture as a result of burn injury in the neck were hospitalized from July 2013 to July 2014. Release of cervical scar contracture was conducted according to different demands of the 3 anatomic subunits of neck, i.e. lower lip vermilion border-supramaxillary region, submaxillary region, and anterior region of neck. After release of contracture, platysma was released. For some cases with chin retrusion, genioplasty with horizontal osteotomy was performed. The coverage of wound followed the principle of similarity, i.e. the skin tissue covering the wound in the neck should be similar to the characters of skin around the wound in terms of color, texture, and thickness. Based on this principle, except for the preschool children in whom skin grafting was performed, the wounds of the other patients were covered by local skin flaps, adjacent skin flaps, or free skin flaps. Results All patients underwent release of scar and platysma, while 9 patients underwent genioplasty with horizontal osteotomy. Wounds were covered with local skin flaps in 32 patients, with adjacent skin flaps in 7 patients, with free skin flaps in 11 patients, and with skin grafts in 15 patients. All skin grafts and flaps survived. Good range of motion was achieved in the neck of all patients, with the cervicomental angle after reconstruction ranging from 90 to 120~. All patients were followed up for 6 to 24 months. Six patients who had undergone skin grafting were found to have some de- grees of skin eontracture, while none of the patients who had undergone flap coverage showed any signs of contracture recurrence. Conclusions Restoration of the cervicomental angle is critical in the treatment of postburn cervical scar contracture, and the release of scar contracture should conform to the subunit principle. The coverage of wound should be based on the principle of similarity, with repair by skin flaps as the first choice, and s

关 键 词：烧伤 颈 外科皮瓣 瘢痕 挛缩 

分 类 号：R644[医药卫生—外科学]