四种SBIs类杀菌剂对不同发育阶段小麦赤霉病菌的毒力及其作用方式  

Toxicity on different life stages and mode of action of four SBI fungicides against wheat Fusarium graminearum

作　　者：邵莒南 徐春梅[1] 郭贝贝[1] 刘峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植物保护学院山东省高校农药毒理与应用技术重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《农药学学报》2015年第4期425-431,共7页Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903033)

摘　　要：为明确不同发育阶段小麦赤霉病菌对甾醇生物合成抑制剂类（SBIs）杀菌剂的敏感性差异及杀菌剂的作用方式,对4种SBIs类杀菌剂进行了室内毒力测定及田间药效试验。室内毒力测定结果表明：不同发育阶段小麦赤霉病菌对4种SBIs类药剂的敏感性存在较大差异,其敏感性由高到低依次为菌丝生长阶段和产孢阶段〉芽管伸长阶段〉孢子萌发阶段;其中,戊唑醇对菌丝生长、产孢、芽管伸长和孢子萌发阶段的EC50值分别为0.686、0.191、3.532和3.825μg/m L,咪鲜胺分别为0.063、0.305、0.827和36.581μg/m L,苯醚甲环唑分别为0.873、3.659、5.687和79.465μg/m L,烯唑醇分别为1.961、33.658、41.881和54.986μg/m L。显微观察4种SBIs类杀菌剂对小麦赤霉病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发形态的影响,发现杀菌剂处理后菌丝末端分枝增多,新生菌丝伸长受阻,菌丝体局部膨大,有时可见菌丝及芽管的消解。田间试验结果表明：用量为有效成分100 g/hm2的戊唑醇、200 g/hm2的咪鲜胺和200 g/hm2的苯醚甲环唑对小麦赤霉病的保护效果为77.15%~79.26%,治疗效果为70.64%~72.77%,于发病前后使用均可有效防治该病害。The toxicities of four sterol biosynthesis inhibitors（ SBIs） against different life stages of wheat Fusarium graminearum were determined by using the mycelium growth rate and conidial germination methods,and the mode of action was investigated by field trial. The results of bioassay showed that the sensitivity of different life stages of wheat F. graminearum to four SBIs was different significantly,and the sensitivity from high to lowwas mycelium growth and sporulation germ tube growth conidial germination. The EC50 values of tebuconazole to mycelium growth,sporulation,germ tube growth and conidial germination were 0. 686, 0. 191, 3. 532 and 3. 825 μg / m L,respectively; that of prochloraz were 0. 063,0. 305,0. 827 and 36. 581 μg / m L,respectively; that ofdifenoconazole was 0. 873,3. 659,5. 687 and 79. 465 μg / m L,respectively; and that of diniconazole was 1. 961,33. 658,41. 881 and 54. 986 μg / m L,respectively. The influence of four SBIs on the morphology of mycelial growth and conidial germination were observed by microscope,four SBIs could cause wheat F. graminearum mycelium abnormal growth,such as the frequent increase of secondary branches,the inhibition of newbranch hypha growth at the top,local constriction or enlargement in mycelium,the digestion of germ tube and mycelium. The results of field trial showed that the protective control efficacies of tebuconazole at 100 g a. i. / hm2,prochloraz at 200 g a. i. /hm2 and difenoconazole at 200 g a. i. / hm2 against Fusarium head blight（ FHB） disease were 77. 15%-79. 26%,and the curative control efficacies were 70. 64%- 70. 77%,suggesting the fungicides were effective when using either before or after the invasion of F. graminearum.

关 键 词：小麦赤霉病菌 SBIs类杀菌剂 毒力 菌丝形态 作用方式 

分 类 号：S482.2[农业科学—农药学] S481.1[农业科学—植物保护]