皖南事变前中共中央与项英的战略分歧——从新发现的白艾笔记说起  

BAI Ai's Notes and the South Anhui Incident

作　　者：张双智[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院,北京100875

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2015年第4期105-113,共9页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大委托项目“中国新四军史料整理与研究”(11@ZH020)

摘　　要：1939年3月,第二支队副司令员粟裕参加了周恩来在云岭新四军军部主持召开的军部负责人会议,讨论新四军发展的战略方针,有关内容历史上并无详细记载。1978年,白艾协助粟裕撰写战争回忆录,记录整理了粟裕口述的皖南事变回忆资料,标题为《皖南事变前,周恩来和项英、叶挺、陈毅、袁国平的对话》。对话详细生动,是就新四军发展战略展开争论的"现场"再现,具有重要的史料价值。其核心内容是周恩来、陈毅、叶挺主张新四军应该东进、北上,并尽快地大发展,批评项英一切服从统一战线、株守皖南的错误想法。结合党中央与项英的来往电文可知,项英即使没有明确的"三山计划",也未能完全执行党中央东进、北上的战略方针,没有认识到扩大华中抗日根据地的战略意义,贻误了新四军军部向敌后转移发展的良机,应为皖南事变的发生承担一定的责任。不过,项英虽然有错,但与张国焘和王明不同,不应定性为路线错误。In March 1939,SU Yu,the vice-commander of the second detachment of the New Fourth Army,took part in the military leaders＇meeting chaired by ZHOU En-lai at the headquarters of the New Fourth Army at Yun Ling,discussing the military development policy of the New Fourth Army.However,there were no detailed historical records of the meeting.In 1978,BAI Ai,who was helping SU Yu to write his memoir,recorded and rearranged the recollection materials told by SU and titled it＂Dialogue among ZHOU En-lai,YE Ting,CHEN Yi and YUAN Guo-ping before the South Anhui Incident＂（hence the Dialogue）.The Dialogue is a lively detailed reflection on the development strategies of the New Fourth Army and hence has important historical value.The key content of the Dialogue is that ZHOU En-lai,CHEN Yi and YE Ting favoured the policy of the Army moving eastward and northward to facilitate a great development and criticized XIANG Ying＇s wrong idea of all being subject to the United Front with the Kuomintang and staying and waiting at the South of Anhui according the order from CHIANG Kai-shek.Today,in connection with the correspondent telegrams between the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and XIANG Ying,the latter did not fully execute the strategic policies from the former;in fact,he did not realize the strategic meaning of expanding the Central China Anti-Japanese Base and hence missed the good opportunity to transfer the Army to the rear area of the Japanese invaders for its development.Therefore,XIANG must shoulder partial responsibility.However,his mistakes should be differentiated from those of ZHANG Guo-tao and WANG Ming whose are a matter of line.

关 键 词：新四军 周恩来 项英 皖南事变 白艾笔记 

分 类 号：K265[历史地理—历史学]