苗期不同滴灌方式对东北春玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of Different Drip-Irrigation Modes at the Seedling Stage on Yield and Water-Use Efficiency of Spring Maize in Northeast China

作　　者：徐杰[1,2] 李从锋[1] 孟庆锋[1] 葛均筑[3] 王璞[2] 赵明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室,北京100081 [2]中国农业大学农业与生物技术学院,北京100193 [3]华中农业大学植物科技学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《作物学报》2015年第8期1279-1286,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B04,2011BAD16B14);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(NYCYTX-02)资助

摘　　要：春旱是东北玉米产量增长的主要障碍因素之一，滴灌可有效缓解其对玉米生产的不利影响，不同滴灌方式的效果具有差异性。本文以常规雨养玉米为对照（CK），研究了传统滴灌（采用内嵌迷宫式滴灌管）和新型滴灌（采用自流插入式滴灌管）2种方式与不同埋管深度（0 cm、5 cm和10 cm）对玉米生长发育、产量和水分利用效率的影响。与对照相比，滴灌显著增产，增幅达9.5%~20.1%。传统滴灌不同埋管深度处理间产量差异不显著，而新型滴灌埋深5 cm产量显著高于地表滴灌，增幅为4.4%。同一埋深不同滴灌方式之间，新型滴灌埋深5 cm比传统滴灌增产8.8%，其他埋深差异不显著。与对照相比，滴灌处理出苗率提高11.3%，收获期穗数增加13.3%。新型滴灌埋深5 cm产量高于其他处理的原因是生殖生长期叶面积指数下降慢，显著提高收获期干物质重。与对照相比，滴灌处理水分利用效率提高8.1%~10.9%，其中新型滴灌埋深5 cm处理水分利用效率最高。因此，埋深5 cm新型滴灌是有效提高玉米产量和水分利用效率的灌溉方式。The seasonal drought especially in spring is one of the major obstacle factors for yield improvement in maize produc-tion in Northeast China. Drip irrigation could effectively alleviate drought while different drip irrigation strategies have different impacts. Using rainfed maize as a control （CK）, we compared the effects of traditional drip irrigation （using the embedded laby-rinth drip irrigation tube, TDI） and new drip irrigation （using the new drip irrigation tube, NDI） together with three depths of tube （0 cm, 5 cm, and 10 cm） on maize growth, yield, and water use. Compared with CK, irrigation treatments significantly increased grain yield by 9.5%–20.1%. For TDI, no significant yield difference was observed among three tube depths. For NDI, grain yield in treatment with 5 cm tube depth was 4.4% higher than that with 0 cm tube depth. At the same tube depth between TDI and NDI, no significant yield difference was observed with an exception of NDI with 5 cm tube depth, which increased yield by 8.8%. Compared with CK, yield increase with irrigation mainly resulted from the improvement of emergence rate, which was increased by 12%. The ear number per ha was improved by 13%. The higher yield in NDI with 5 cm tube depth was because of the delayed leaf senescence and higher total dry matter accumulation. Compared with CK, irrigation improved water use efficiency by 8.1%–10.9%, with the highest in NDI with 5 cm tube depth. Therefore, using NDI with 5 cm tube depth could be an effective strategy to increase both yield and water use efficiency of spring maize in Northeast China.

关 键 词：春旱 滴灌 埋深 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]