地表粗糙度对坡面流水动力学参数的影响  

Influence of Surface Roughness on Hydrodynamic Parametersof Overland Flow

作　　者：施明新 吴发启[2] 田国成[2] 张陆军 王青 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]上海勘测设计研究院有限公司,上海200434 [4]西安黄河工程监理有限公司,西安710000

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2015年第7期83-87,共5页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41271288)

摘　　要：通过不同粗糙度床面薄层水流的定床试验,研究了坡面流平均流速、径流深、雷诺数、弗劳德数和阻力系数随粗糙度和流量的变化规律。结果表明,地表粗糙度延缓了坡面流流速,并增大径流深,且粗糙度越大,其作用越明显;地表粗糙度的增加明显降低了坡面流的紊动性,水流流态由过渡流转变为层流,流型由急流变为缓流;随粗糙度的增加,阻力系数增大,径流沿程损失增大,从而削弱径流侵蚀力。The relationships between hydrodynamic parameters （average flow velocity, runoff depth, Reyn- olds number, Froude number and Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficient） and roughness/discharge were simulated through the experiments of overland flow with different roughnesses. The results showed that： the surface roughness could reduce slope velocity and increase runoff depth, and the greater roughness, the more obvious this influence~ the surface roughness significantly reduced the turbulence of slope flow, and the flow changed from transition flow to laminar flow, and fromrapid flow to tranquil flow, with the in- crease of roughness, Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficient and the friction loss increased, which weakened the runoff erosion.

关 键 词：粗糙度 坡面流 水动力学参数 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]