我国农村中老年妇女生殖保健现状研究  

Present situation of reproductive health among middle-age and elderly women in rural areas

作　　者：毛京沭[1] 宗占红[2] 舒星宇[1] 孙晓明[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京邮电大学人文与社会学院,江苏省南京市210023 [2]南京邮电大学经济学院

出　　处：《中华全科医学》2015年第10期1673-1674,1677,共3页Chinese Journal of General Practice

基　　金：2011年度国家社科基金项目(11BRK016)

摘　　要：目的了解我国农村中老年妇女生殖保健的现状与存在的主要问题,为制定改善与提高农村中老年妇女的生殖健康水平的计划,构建新型农村生殖健康优质服务体系提供依据。方法根据我国东、中、西部不同经济社会发展和人口计划生育工作情况,选择有代表性的7个省,每个省选择1个农业县(区),每个县(区)采取整群随机抽样方法在确定的1个中心乡镇和1个一般乡镇中各选择2个行政村,以年龄在40~64周岁的妇女为调查对象,共调查3500名中老年妇女,获得3463份有效问卷。结果农村中老年妇女的总体文化水平低,近95%都是初中以下文化水平,健康知识与健康意识比较薄弱,平时每天清洗外阴的仅占48.0%,33.1%妇女不知道有围绝经期,患病率最高的是阴道炎(21.9%),进入围绝经期的2065名妇女,51.8%出现围绝经期综合症的症状,23.5%的妇女绝经后放置的宫内节育器没有取出。结论农村中老年妇女的生殖健康状况不理想,生殖系统疾病发生率较高,生殖保健服务还面临着许多问题,农村基层的计划生育与卫生服务人员应针对农村中老年妇女的状况,积极开展生殖健康的宣传教育与健康促进活动,提高农村中老年妇女的生殖保健水平。政府也应对农村中老年妇女的健康问题给予重视和关注。Objective To investigate the status of reproductive health among the middle-age and elderly women andthe major existing problem in rural areas in China, and provide evidence for making plan that improve the reproductive health of rural middle-age and elderly women, andbuilding a new rural reproduction health system. Methods According to the situation of economic and social development and population and family planning work of different areas in China,7 agricultural counties（district） of 7 different representative provinces were chosen. Two administrative villages from each center town and each general town（ one each center town and onegeneral town in each county） were sampled. The questionnaire was conducted among 3500 middle-aged and old women aged 40 - 64 years. 3463 valid survey responses were obtained. R^ults The cultural level of the rural older women was low：95% of them were below high school level, health knowledge and health consciousness was weak,daily cleaning vulva accounted for only 48.0% ,33.1% of women didn＇ t know how the menopausal transition, the highest prevalence was vaginitis （21.9% ）. For 2065 menopause women,51.8% of them had climacteric syndrome and 23.5% of them did not remove the intrauterine device after post-menopause. Condusion The reproductive health of rural middle-aged and old women is not ideal,with a greater incidence of reproductive system diseases. The reproductive health care services are also facing many problems. The rural grassroots family planning and health service personnel should be aimed at the status of the rural elderly women, actively carry out publicity and education on reproductive health with health promotion activities, and improve the level of the rural elderly women＇ s reproduetive health care. The government should also give attaches great importance to the problems of the rural elderly women＇s health and attention.

关 键 词：中老年妇女 生殖保健 农村 

分 类 号：E173[军事—军事理论] R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]