自走式甘蓝收获机的设计与试验  

Development and experiment of self-propelled cabbage harvester

作　　者：杜冬冬[1] 费国强 王俊[1] 黄江军 游鑫荣 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学生物系统工程与食品科学学院,杭州310058 [2]湖州思达机械制造有限公司,湖州313023

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第14期16-23,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家863计划资助项目(2012AA10A504)

摘　　要：针对中国甘蓝收获机械化水平低、缺乏相应甘蓝收获装备的现状,在统计分析主要甘蓝品种物理参数的基础上,设计了一种适合南方田间作业的自走式甘蓝联合收获机。该机型采用单行一次性收获方式,配置有专用动力底盘,收获台架主体包括引拔装置、输送提升装置、切根装置、剥叶装置、收集装置等,动力由液压系统驱动,可一次完成甘蓝的拔取、输送、切根、剥叶、装箱等作业。田间试验表明,该收获机各工作部件工作稳定,表现出了良好的收获效果,收获速度为0.3 m/s时,拔取成功率为86.7%,输送成功率达93.3%,切根合格率为75.0%,剥叶合格率为81.7%,基本满足甘蓝的机械化收获要求。该研究为中国解决甘蓝的机械化收获提供了参考。Development of a cabbage harvester is an efficient approach to change the traditional way of harvesting cabbage in China. In order to satisfy the ascending demand for agricultural machinery, a self-propelled cabbage harvester was developed and its field working performance was tested. To achieve this project, the investigation of the physical properties of cabbage in Zhejiang and Jiangsu Province became the primary task providing the reference for the design. Then the once-over harvester attached to a self-propelled crawler tractor was designed and manufactured, which included the picking and lifting mechanism, dual-disc cutter, leaf separator and collection device. All parts of the harvesting system were powered hydraulically. The picking device consists of a couple of picking shovels and a reel, and the picking shovels pull the cabbage out of the soil using the forward speed of the harvester while the reel pushes the cabbage at the entrance of lifting mechanism. The lifting mechanism takes a kind of transverse-belt clamping way, which means 2 belts are used to clamp and convey the cabbage to the cutting device. The dual-disc cutter, with 2 contra rotating cutting discs, cuts off the root at the connection area between the corm and the root as well as avoids the unbalance of cutting force. Then, the corm and loose leaves remain up to the leaf separator and the root is discarded after the cutting process. The leaf separator is composed of a leaf-separating belt and a leaf-separating roller. The loose leaves are separated from the corm through the rubbing action and inter-collision between the cabbage and leaf-separating roller. Finally, the cabbage corm is conveyed into the box and the whole harvesting process is finished. The harvesting field tests were conducted in 3 regions including the greenhouse in February, 2015 and the outdoors in April and May, 2015, a total of 5 times. Because of the non-standard planting, 60 cabbages were mainly harvested individually or consecutively for several. The results demonstra

关 键 词：机械化 农业生产 设计 甘蓝 收获机 

分 类 号：S225.92[农业科学—农业机械化工程]