稻麦联合收获开沟埋草多功能一体机喷菌装置的设计及试验  

Design and test of bacteria spraying device for harvest ditch and stalk-disposing machine

作　　者：方志超[1] 陈玉仑[1] 丁为民[1] 刘玉涛[1] 秦宽[1] 李雪[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学工学院,南京210031

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第14期32-38,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目资助(2013BAD08B04)

摘　　要：针对秸秆集沟还田模式下稻麦联合收获开沟埋草多功能一体机开沟埋草作业后,入沟秸秆较难腐解影响田间中期管理的问题,结合该机结构参数和工作特点,设计了喷菌装置与该机集成,对秸秆喷施生物菌促使其快速腐解。试验表明:喷菌装置不影响一体机各功能的正常工作,作业速度为0.27 m/s时喷菌雾滴连续,秸秆表面覆盖率为67.50%,对20 cm层的秸秆穿透率达43.49%,比普通背负式喷雾器分别高出74.9%和347.4%,性能优势明显。观察期内喷菌处理对秸秆的腐解率最佳达74.6%,比未喷菌处理的12.8%提高482.8%。该研究为秸秆集沟还田一体机的适用性和秸秆集沟还田的进一步推广提供参考。In the rice-wheat crop rotation and double cropping area, there is a new straw-returning method named collecting straw to return to the ditch （CSRD）. It can absorb nutrients, increase the field fertilizer input and promote the crop yield as well as realize the carbon sequestration and emission reduction. The CSRD adapts well to the full amount of straw returning. Based on this returning method, a multifunctional machine was developed, which could realize ditching, harvesting and straw returning simultaneously. But the long-term practice showed that the straw collected and returned into ditch by the multifunctional machine was difficult to be decomposed timely due to its stable internal environment. This problem not only affects the normal growth of the crop beside the ditch, but also obstructs the mid-term field managements. Thus, on the basis of the catalytic straw-decomposition characteristics of bacteria （yeast, actinomycetes, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis） and the structure of the multifunctional machine, a new device of bacteria spray was designed to address this problem. The spray device would spray bacteria solution with a concentration of 154 mL/L to prompt straw decomposition when the straw was collected into the ditch. In the performance test, Ponceau-S solution was used to simulate and trace the droplet motion of bacteria solution. To evaluate spray penetration and coverage results, several pictures were taken at 5 different straw layers, i.e. 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm. The straw decomposing rate was calculated by using the mesh bag weighing method. In order to be helpful to the comparison of the performance, the same method was used when adopting the common knapsack sprayer. The results showed that the multifunctional machine coupled with bacteria spray device could work synchronously and coordinately because of a reasonable configuration. The nozzles （rotary cage centrifugal atomizers） were not jammed during working process, and the nozzles were suitable to the bacteria soluti

关 键 词：农业机械 农作物 设计 秸秆还田 生物菌 

分 类 号：S225.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]