三疣梭子蟹、凡纳滨对虾、菲律宾蛤仔和江蓠混养结构优化的实验研究  

An Experimental Study on Optimization for Polyculture of Portunus trituberculatus with Litopenaeus vannamei,Ruditapes philippinarum and Gracilaria lichevoides

作　　者：班文波 田相利[1] 董双林[1] 张凯[1] 高明亮[1] 张东旭[1] 奉杰 张庆起 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学教育部海水养殖重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [2]连云港市赣榆区海洋渔业技术指导站,江苏连云港222100

出　　处：《河北渔业》2015年第8期12-18,24,共8页

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD13B03);山东省杰出青年基金项目(JQ201009)资助

摘　　要：利用海水陆基实验围隔优化了三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)、凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)、菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)和菊花江蓠(Gracilaria lichevoides)的混养结构。实验设6个处理组,分别为蟹-虾(CS)、蟹-虾-贝(CSB)、蟹-虾-贝-藻(CSBJ1、CSBJ2和CSBJ3),以梭子蟹单养为对照(C),每个处理组设置了4个重复。结果表明,各处理组梭子蟹个体规格差异不显著(P>0.05),产量以CSBJ2处理组最高;CSBJ1和CSBJ2组凡纳滨对虾的平均体重、特定生长率以及成活率均显著高于其它处理组(P<0.05);凡纳滨对虾产量以CSBJ2最高,显著高于其它处理组(P<0.05);混养江蓠处理组菲律宾蛤仔成活率显著提高,但产量与其它处理差异不显著;养殖期间,CSBJ2处理组亚硝氮含量总体上显著低于其它处理(P<0.05),混养江蓠各处理水体氨氮浓度养殖后期均显著降低(P<0.05),而CSBJ1和CSBJ2组总氮和总磷浓度在中后期显著低于其它处理(P<0.05)。本研究表明,虾蟹贝混养系统中搭配适宜密度的菊花江蓠,可以有效改善水质,减少水体中总氮、总磷浓度以及氨氮、亚硝氮等有害物质含量,提高梭子蟹和对虾的产量和成活率及菲律宾蛤仔的成活率。在本研究条件下,虾、蟹、贝和江蓠混养的最佳配比为三疣梭子蟹6ind/m2,凡纳滨对虾45ind/m2,菲律宾蛤仔30ind/m2和菊花江蓠0.36kg/m2。The study was designed and conducted to optimize the structure of polyculture for Portunus trituberculatus ,Litopenaeus vannamei ,Ruditapes philippinarum and Gracilaria lichevoides ,and to compare their water quality parameters .Crabs ,shrimps and clams were mixed with Gracilaria lichev‐oides ,six treatments were designed respectively was C ,CS ,CSB ,CSBJ1 ,CSBJ2 ,CSBJ3 （C ：crab ;S ：shrimp;B ：clam ;J ：Gracilaria lichevoides） .The result showed that the individual specifications of crabs in different treatments were not significantly different（P〉0 .05）;The highest yield of crab were 3255 .24 kg/hm^2 for the treatment of CSBJ2 ;The body weight ,sgr and survival rate of CSBJ1 and CS‐BJ2 were significantly higher than other treatments（P〈0 .05）;The yield of CSBJ2 shrimp was the highest and was higher than other treatments significantly（P〈0 .05）;Breeding Gracilaria lichevoides in the pond with clams could increase the survival rate of clams ,but there were no significant differ‐ence between the treatments（P〉0 .05）;During the period of culturing ,there were significantly lower NO2 -N in CSBJ2 than in other treatments on the whole（P〈0 .05）;The treatments which mixed with Gracilaria lichevoides could significantly reduce the concentration of ammonia nitrogen（P〈 0 .05） . Total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentration of CSBJ1 and CSBJ2 were significantly lower than other treatments in the middle and late cultivation（P〈0 .05） .In this study , Portunus trituberculatus system mixed with Gracilaria lichevoides in suitable density could improve water quality ,reduce the concentration of total nitrogen ,total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen ,nitrate nitrogen and improve the production and survival rate of Portunus trituberculatus and Litopenaeus vannamei .Under the condition of this research ,the treatment giving the best culturing benefit was crabs at 6 ind/m^2 , shrimps at 45 ind/m^2 and clams at 45 ind/m^2 ,Gracilaria lichevoides at 0 .36 kg/m^2 .

关 键 词：混养 三疣梭子蟹 凡纳滨对虾 菲律宾蛤仔 菊花江蓠 产量 水质 

分 类 号：S968[农业科学—水产养殖] S968.434[农业科学—水产科学]