2014年某院医院感染横断面调查  

Cross-sectional survey on healthcare-associated infection in a hospital in 2014

作　　者：刘欢[1] 谌科[1] 张勤[1] 刘亮宝[1] 何红燕[1] 陈嘉莉[1] 

机构地区：[1]襄阳市中心医院,湖北襄阳441021

出　　处：《中国感染控制杂志》2015年第7期483-485,共3页Chinese Journal of Infection Control

摘　　要：目的了解医院感染现状和抗菌药物使用情况,为加强医院感染管理提供科学依据。方法采用横断面调查,床旁与病历调查相结合的方法,对2014年8月21日0∶00—24∶00所有住院患者的医院感染情况进行调查。结果调查当日住院患者2 216例,医院感染现患率为4.83%,例次现患率5.14%;下呼吸道(63.16%)为最常见的感染部位,抗菌药物使用率为39.71%,预防、治疗用药的比率分别为32.27%、61.71%。治疗性使用抗菌药物596例,病原菌培养送检率为56.21%(335例),病原菌检出率为15.52%(52例)。检出病原菌主要为铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、大肠埃希菌、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌。结论医院感染现患率调查有助于了解医院感染的发生情况,呼吸道感染为医院感染主要感染部位,分离病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,抗菌药物预防性使用的管理仍是今后医院感染工作的重点。Objective To investigate the current status of healthcare-associated infection（HAI）and antimicrobial usage,so as to provide a scientific basis for improving the management of HAI. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted by combination of bedside visiting and medical records reviewing,HAI were investigated among all hospitalized patients between 0：00 and 24：00 on August 21 ,2014.Results A total of 2 216 patients were investiga-ted,the prevalence rate of HAI was 4.83% ,the case infection rate was 5.14% ;the main infection site was lower respiratory tract（63.16% ）,antimicrobial usage rate was 39.71% ,the proportion of prophylactic and therapeutic use of antimicrobial agents was 32.27% and 61 .71% respectively.596 patients received therapeutic antimicrobial use,specimen detection rate was 56.21% （n= 335）,the detection rate of pathogens was 15.52% （n= 52）. The ma-jor detected bacteria were Pseudomonasaeruginosa,Klebsiellapneumoniae,Acinetobacterbaumannii,Escherichia coli,and Stenotrophomonasmaltophilia.Conclusion HAI prevalence survey is helpful for realizing the occurrence of HAI,respiratory tract is the main infection site,gram-negative bacteria is the major pathogen,management of prophylactic use of antimicrobial agents is the focus of HAI management.

关 键 词：医院感染 横断面调查 现患率 抗菌药物 合理用药 

分 类 号：R181.32[医药卫生—流行病学]