交通事故中塑料物证的检验  

Examination of Plastic in Traffic Accidents

作　　者：罗仪文[1] 孙其然[1] 徐彻[1] 卞新伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]司法部司法鉴定科学技术研究所刑事技术研究室,上海200063

出　　处：《刑事技术》2015年第4期334-337,共4页Forensic Science and Technology

摘　　要：塑料是交通事故中的重要物证,其鉴定结果对确定或排除嫌疑肇事车辆具有重要的意义。本文详细介绍了三起交通事故中塑料物证的鉴定过程,总结了交通事故中塑料物证的特点。塑料物证在勘验时的查找、取样,在检验时的外观、成分分析以及如何评判结果的证据价值这一整个过程中应注意的问题,均在本文的三个典型案例中有具体表现。特别是部分塑料物证在转移过程中因受到力与热的影响,会呈现出形状及颜色的变化,这一特征在事故勘验及实验室检验时都应加强重视。在诸多检测方法中,显微红外光谱仪是检验塑料的有效手段,不仅可对未知样品与已知样品进行比对,还可通过谱图分析,为案件的侦查提供方向。Plastic fragments are frequently present in traffic accident scene, especially the hit-and-run accidents. Samples collected from the scene are often very small, sometimes even smaller than one square millimeter in size. Forensic labs need to do comparison of the scene samples with the plastic of suspected car. In this paper, examinations of plastic in three traffic accidents were described and the characteristics of these plastic evidences summarized. The key points involved the collection and analysis of plastic samples were discussed along with the evaluation of the findings. Vehicles are usually fitted with the plastics, chemically different but visually similar, in positions close to each other for functional and aesthetic purposes. It should be careful for both accident investigators and laboratory analysts that some plastics might be altered in shape, color or other physical characteristics, after being affected by force or heat in the process of transfer. Micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （Micro-FTIR） is a quick, informative and non-destructive method for plastics analysis, therefore, both comparison and identification of plastics could be achieved by their FTIR spectrum.

关 键 词：塑料物证 交通事故 显微红外光谱 现场勘查 

分 类 号：DF795.1[医药卫生—法医学]