棉属三元杂种的合成及细胞遗传学鉴定  

Synthesis and Cytogenetic Identification of Trispecific Hybrid in Cotton

作　　者：荣二花[1] 李灵娇 杨娜[2] 陈弟[3] 吴玉香[2] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学实验教学中心,山西太谷030801 [2]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801 [3]中国农业科学院棉花研究所,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第5期449-453,共5页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.31171599;31301364);山西农业大学科技创新基金(2014YZ04);博士基金(2013YJ45);博士后基金(125375)

摘　　要：棉属有丰富的种质资源,野生棉具有栽培棉种所缺乏的许多优良性状,为了将野生澳洲棉和达尔文棉的优良性状导入陆地棉,以期改良栽培种陆地棉。本研究通过陆地棉和C组野生澳洲棉远缘杂交获得杂种F1,并对其进行染色体加倍,将加倍成的异源六倍体与野生四倍体达尔文棉杂交,获得陆地棉、澳洲棉、达尔文棉的三元杂种,并对该杂种进行形态学和细胞遗传学鉴定。形态学观察结果表明:三元杂种有三个亲本的遗传特性。花粉母细胞减数分裂结果表明后期存在异常行为,主要表现在65%的花粉母细胞减数分裂后期染色体不能均等分离,使得末期形成大量的多分体,这些多分体会进一步发育为败育花粉粒,统计结果表明正常花粉粒只占18.3%,导致该杂种高度不育。本研究不仅合成了综合三个亲本特性的三元杂种,也为该杂种不育提供了细胞遗传学证据,并为棉花新种质的创制提供了理论依据和中间材料。There are rich germplasm resources in Gossypium and wild cotton species possess many valuable agronomic traits which cultivated cotton always lacks .In order to introgress the useful traits from wild species G .australe and G . darwinii into cultivated species ,tetraploid G . hirsutum was crossed directly with C‐genome species G . australe as male parent ,creating a triploid hybrid .Chromosome doubling of this triploid hybrid leads to a allohexaploid which was then crossed with wild tetraploid species G . darwinii ,resulting in trispecific hybrid （G .hirsutum ,G . australe ,G . darwinii ） .The morphology characteristic and cytogenetic identification of trispecific hybrid was further investigated in this study .The hybrid morphology performed combining characteristics from three parents .Results indicated that the meiosis of trispecific hybrid was abnormal ,and 65% abnormal multispores appeared in the telophase II ,which fi‐nally developed into abortive pollen grains .The result also showed that there were only 18.3% normal pollen grains in this hybrid by statistic analysis .It leads to the sterility of trispecific hybrid F1 .This study not only creats new cotton germplasms from G .hirsutum ,G .australe ,G .darwinii with three parents characteristic .It also provides the main reason of sterility for this hybrid .

关 键 词：陆地棉 澳洲棉 达尔文棉 三元杂种 形态学 减数分裂 

分 类 号：S334.3[农业科学—作物遗传育种]