12种杀虫剂对小菜蛾及半闭弯尾姬蜂的选择毒力  

Selective Toxicities of 12 Insecticides to Plutella Xylostella and Diadegma Semiclausum

作　　者：洪珊珊[1] 贾变桃[1] 张雨超[1] 曹永伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第5期490-494,共5页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：山西省自然科学基金(2012011035-3);山西农业大学引进人才科研启动基金(XB2007008);山西省研究生创新项目(20143091);山西农业大学大学生创新创业项目(2014097)

摘　　要：采用浸叶法和试管药膜法分别测定了12种杀虫剂对小菜蛾3龄幼虫及其天敌半闭弯尾姬蜂的毒力，比较不同药剂在害虫和天敌之间的选择毒力。结果表明，杀虫剂对小菜蛾幼虫毒力大小顺序为甲维盐＞苦参碱＞乙基多杀菌素＞阿维菌素＞氯虫苯甲酰胺＞多杀菌素＞虱螨脲＞茚虫威＞溴虫腈＞丁醚脲＞毒死蜱＞高效氯氰菊酯；对寄生蜂成虫的毒力大小依次为高效氯氰菊酯＞甲维盐＞苦参碱＞乙基多杀菌素＞毒死蜱＞阿维菌素＞多杀菌素＞溴虫腈＞茚虫威＞氯虫苯甲酰胺＞丁醚脲＞虱螨脲；虱螨脲的选择毒力指数最高，大于1141.6，对寄生蜂及小菜蛾具有强烈正向选择性，氯虫苯甲酰胺次之，为169.2，具有高度正向选择性，苦参碱、阿维菌素、甲维盐和乙基多杀菌素选择毒力指数在19.8～57.0之间，具有中度正向选择性，丁醚脲、茚虫威、多杀菌素和溴虫腈选择毒力指数为1.9～6.6，表现为正向选择性，而毒死蜱和高效氯氰菊酯的选择毒力指数最低，分别为9.0＆#215;10－3和0.9＆#215;10－3，具有负向选择性。研究结果对合理使用杀虫剂，协调小菜蛾的化学防治和生物防治的矛盾具有一定的指导意义。The toxicity of 12 insecticides to Plutella xylostella and its parasitoidDiadegma semiclausum was determined with leaf‐dip method and vial residual film method ,respectively ,and the selective toxicity between P. xylostella andD.semiclausum was compared. The results showed that the order of toxicity of 12 insecticides to the larvae of dia‐mondback moth was emamectin benzoate 〉 sophocarpidine 〉 pinetoram 〉 abamectin 〉 spinosad 〉 chlorantraniliprole 〉lufenuron 〉 ndoxacarb 〉 chlorfenapyr 〉 diafenthiuron 〉 chlorpyrifos 〉 beta‐cypermethrin ;the order of toxicity of 12 in‐secticides to the adults of D.semiclausum was beta‐cypermethrin 〉 emamectin benzoate 〉 sophocarpidine 〉 spinetoram 〉chlorpyrifos 〉 abamectin 〉 spinosad 〉 chlorfenapyr 〉 indoxacarb 〉 chlorantraniliprole 〉 diafenthiuron 〉 lufenu‐ron. Lufenuron showed highest positive selectivity to D.semiclausum and P. xylostella with the selective toxicity ratio （STR） 〉 1 141.6 ,chlorantraniliprole showed higher positive selectivity with STR 169.2. The four insecticides （sopho‐carpidine ,abamectin ,emamectin benzoate ,spinetoram ） showed moderately positive selectivity ,and their STR was 19.8 - 57.0.Diafenthiuron ,oxacarb ,spinosad and chlorfenapyr showed low positive selectivity ,and their STR was 1.9 - 6.6.Chlorpyrifos and beta‐cypermethrin showed negative selective toxicity to D.semiclausum and P. xylostella , their STR were lowest with 9.0 ± 10 - 3 and 0.9 ± 10 - 3 ,respectively. The data presented in this paper provided guideline for reasonable use of insecticides and coordinating chemical and biological control of P. xylostella.

关 键 词：小菜蛾 半闭弯尾姬蜂 杀虫剂 选择毒力 

分 类 号：S482.3[农业科学—农药学]