3种铬源对21日龄热应激肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官、脂肪沉积及血清生化特性的影响  

Effects of Three Chromium Sources on Growth,Immune Organs,Fat Deposition and Serum Biochemical Characteristics in Heat Stressed Broilers during 21 Days of Age

作　　者：杨建[1] 黄艳玲[1] 郑灿财 肖芳[1] 石磊 李水艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学生命科学与技术学院,四川成都610225 [2]中粮(成都)粮油工业有限公司,四川成都611434

出　　处：《中国畜牧杂志》2015年第15期41-46,共6页Chinese Journal of Animal Science

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究饲粮不同铬源和铬水平对21日龄热应激肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官、脂肪沉积及血清生化特性的影响。选用1日龄科宝(Cobb 500)白羽雌鸡252只,随机分为7组,分别饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮(含铬0.37 mg/kg)及在此基础饲粮上添加0.4、2.0 mg/kg源于丙酸铬(CrPro)、吡啶甲酸铬(CrPic)和三氧化铬(CrCl_3)的铬的试验饲粮。结果表明:饲粮铬添加对热应激肉鸡的平均日增重、胸腺指数、胸肌肌内脂肪、血清AKP活性有显著影响(P<0.05),而对平均采食量、饲料增重比、脾脏指数、法氏囊指数、肝脂率、腹脂率、血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)含量均无影响(P>0.05);铬水平对脾脏指数和TG有显著影响(P<0.05);铬源对腹脂率、AKP活性及TC有显著影响(P<0.05);铬源与铬水平互作对肝脂率、肌内脂肪、TC及LDLC有显著影响(P<0.05)。综合分析,铬源CrPic对降低腹脂率、增加肌内脂肪含量效果最佳;2.0 mg/kg CrCl_3对降低肝脂率效果最佳。An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Cr source and Cr level on growth performance, immune organs, fat deposition and serum biochemical characteristics of heat stressed broilers during 21 days of age. A total of 252 1-day-old Cobb broiler chicks were randomly allotted by body weight to one of 7 treatments . Chicks were fed a basal corn-soybean meal diet containing 0.37 mg/kg Cr and the basal diets supplemented with 0.4 or 2.0 mg/kg Cr as either Cr propionate （CrPro）, or Cr picolinate （CrPic）, or Cr chloride （CrCI3） respectively. The results showed that Cr supplementation had significant effects on average daily gain , the percentage of thymus gland, intramuscular fat of breast muscle and AKP activation （P〈0.05）, but no differences were observed in average daily feed intake, feed/intake ratio, the percentage of spleen, bursa of fabricius, liver fat, abdominal fat and the content of triglyc- eride （TG）, total cholesterol （TC）, low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDLC） and high density tipoprotein cholesterol （HDLC） in serum（P〉0.05）. Chromium level had marked effects on the percentage of spleen and the TG content （P〈 0.05）. Cr source affected the percentage of the abdominal fat, the AKP activity and the TC content （P〈0.05）. The in- teraction of Cr source and Cr level had significant effects on liver fat, intramuscular fat and the content of total choles- terol（TC）, low density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDLC（P〈0.05））. It is concluded that Cr supplemention can improve the growth performance, improve the development of immune organs, increase the intramuscular fat, and improve the meat quality. 2.0 mg/kg Cr supplementation with the increment of the percentage of spleen and TG content has the best responses. Birds fed CrPic diet had less abdominal fat and TC content. Adding 2.0 mg/kg CrPic had the best effects on decreasing the TC and LDLC content and increasing the intramuscular fat. And supplementing 2.0 mg/kg CrCI3 was the be

关 键 词：铬 热应激 肉鸡 生长性能 免疫器官 脂肪沉积 血清生化特征 

分 类 号：S831.5[农业科学—畜牧学]