日本社会治安管理机制与犯罪防控体系的研究与思考  

A Study on Japan's Social Security Management System and its Crime Prevention Network

作　　者：张荆[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]首都社会建设与社会管理协同创新中心 [2]北京工业大学人文社会科学学院,北京100124

出　　处：《北京联合大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2015年第3期67-77,共11页Journal of Beijing Union University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：北京市教育委员会项目"首都社会建设与社会管理"(项目编号:014000546614513)

摘　　要：日本曾有效地规避了工业化、城市化与犯罪率同步增长的"怪圈",至今为止仍是发达国家中犯罪率最低的国家之一,从制度结构的视角研究"日本治安现象",具体分析日本的警察组织,公安委员会制度、警民共治防控机制、犯罪及再犯罪预防机制和社会整合机制,研究组织机制的内部运营及机制间的联动对预防和打击犯罪的功效,探索制度结构与维持社会稳定的关系。对比中国的社会治安管理机制,日本的犯罪防控实践提示我们,防控犯罪不是单一部门的事情,构建环环相扣的社会治安管理机制和犯罪防控体系是预防犯罪、保障社会长治久安的基础制度建设,现代社会中警察职能的独立性具有摆脱传统的政治倾向性,保障警察执法的公正性,缓解警民矛盾和解决社会冲突的功效。警察的职业化、机动化加警力下沉,可形成点线面结合的治安防控网络。重视并支持民众参与社会治安管理,重视对刑事司法以外社会要素的科学整合,将会从根本上降低犯罪率,保障社会健康稳定和可持续发展。Japan has successfully avoided the bewildering phenomenon of crime rate＇s growing simultaneously with industrialization and urbanization, and enjoys the lowest crime rate among developed countries. Studying ＂public security of Japan＂ from the perspective of social＇organization, analyzing Japanese police system, public security committee regime, police-civilian cooperation mechanism, crime and recidivism prevention mechanism will help us explore the rules inherent in social organization and stability maintenance. Compared with the Chinese social control system, Japan＇s crime prevention experience reminds us that crime~ prevention is not the duty of a single department. China needs to build an interlocked social security management system. To ensure the institution- building necessary for long-term social stability, modern police should be independent and politically neutral, which can ensure the justice of law enforcement, ease police-civilian tension, as well as solve social conflicts. The professionalism and mobilization, together with deploying manpower to grass-root units, could weave a crime prevention network. Paying attention to the people and inviting civil society to participate, integrating social forces outside the criminal justice system will fundamentally lower crime rate and ensure healthy and stable social development.

关 键 词：中国 日本 机制 犯罪防控 社会治安管理 

分 类 号：D731.33[政治法律—政治学]