施用氮、磷、钾肥对食用向日葵产量和品质的影响  

Effect of Applying Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizers on the Yield and Quality of Edible Sunflower

作　　者：王文军[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院经济作物研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2015年第8期40-44,共5页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家向日葵产业技术体系建设资助项目(CARS-16);哈尔滨市科技创新人才研究专项资金资助项目(2011RCQYN050)

摘　　要：以食用向日葵品种(龙食葵2号)为供试材料,研究了不同氮、磷、钾肥施用处理对食用向日葵主要农艺性状、经济性状、品质性状及产量的影响,以期为食用向日葵高效施肥提供依据。结果表明:适当增施氮、磷、钾肥能有效提高食用向日葵的株高、茎粗、叶片数、花盘直径等农艺性状。适当的氮、磷、钾肥能有效提高食用向日葵的百粒重、结实率和产量,向日葵子仁率则随着施肥量的增加而增加。适当的氮、磷、钾肥能有效提高食用向日葵粗脂肪和粗蛋白等品质性状。施肥量为N 90kg·hm-2、P2O545kg·hm-2、K2O 100kg·hm-2时,向日葵籽实的产量最高、品质最佳、经济效益最高。随着氮、磷、钾肥施用量的增加,向日葵的主要农艺性状、经济性状、品质性状、产量等也随之升高,但随着肥料的过度施用各性状有不同程度的降低,合理施肥能够有效提高种植食用向日葵的经济效益。Taking edible sunflower varieties （Longshikui 2） as materials, the effects of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer handling major agronomic traits, economic traits, quality traits and yield on edible sunflower were studied to provide abasis for edible sunflower efficient fertilization. The results showed that the appropriate nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium could improve the height, leaf number, stem diameter, diameter of sunflower disc and other agronomic traits of sunflower plant. Appropriate nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium could also improve the eaible sunflower kernel weight, seed rate and yield, sunflower seeds kernels with the increasing of fertilizer amount. Appropriate nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium could effectively improve the edible sunflower crude fat and protein quality traits. Fertilizer of N 90 kg·hm^-2 , P2 05 45 kg·hm^-2, K2 O 100 kg·hm^-2 , the yield sunflower seeds, quality, economic benefit were best. With the increasing of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer, the main agronomic traits of sunflower, economic traits, quality traits and yield increased, but with the excessive application of fertilizers traits had reduced, rational fertilization could effectively improve the economic benefits of planting edible sunflower.

关 键 词：食用向日葵 施肥 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S565.5[农业科学—作物学]