国外农业保险逆向选择和道德风险研究新进展  

Latest Development of Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard of Foreign Agricultural Insurance

作　　者：周建涛[1] 梁欣悦 殷颖超 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学经济管理学院,北京100191

出　　处：《云南财经大学学报》2015年第4期85-90,共6页Journal of Yunnan University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目"基于惜赔视角的保险消费者权益保护机制设计"(13BJY181);教育部规划基金项目"中国健康;意外保险欺诈的识别及预警研究"(11YJA790223)

摘　　要：农业保险的特殊性决定了它比一般财产保险有着更为严重的逆向选择和道德风险。逆向选择包括空间和跨期两种形式,道德风险从关注保户行为发展到关注行为后果,近年开发的牲畜指数保险、天气指数保险等新型保险产品,对中国正在进行的农业保险改革很有借鉴意义。中国宜实行政策性农业保险和商业保险结合模式,政策性农业保险专营系统性风险,广覆盖、低保障;商业保险专营非系统性风险,采用个人保险项目形式,保险费率体现农户个体风险差异。无论政策性保险还是商业保险,续期保费均与上期索赔行为挂钩,对未出险或出险程度较轻农户采用折扣保费,鼓励农户保持良好的历史损失经验;而对已出险或出险程度较大农户则采用惩罚保费,应对跨期逆向选择。The distinctiveness of agricultural insurance makes it be more serious in adverse se- lection and moral hazard than general property insurance. Adverse selection has two forms inclu- ding spatial and cross period, and the moral hazard develops from concern on protection behavior to concern on the results of behaviors. New insurance products developed in recent years, such as livestock index insurance and weather index insurance, and so on are significant to the agricultural insurance reform of China at present. It is better for China to adopt the insurance mode which combines policy agricultural insurance and commercial agricultural insurance. The former speciali- zes in systematic risks, wide in range but low in security ; the latter specializes in non - systematic risks by taking the form of personal insurance program, and the individual risk differences are re- presented by premium rate. For both the insurances, renewal premium is closely linked with the compensation of the last year, and farmers can get discounts if they make no claim or with low compensation, encouraging them to keep good experience in loss. For farmers who have made claims or high compensation, a premium rate of punishment is given to cope with cross period ad- verse selection.

关 键 词：逆向选择 跨期逆向选择 道德风险 系统性风险 

分 类 号：F840.66[经济管理—保险]