进口类型、行业差异化程度与企业生产率提升  

Imports,Heterogeneous Industry and Improvement of Firm Productivity

作　　者：余淼杰[1] 李晋 

机构地区：[1]北京大学国家发展研究院中国经济研究中心,100871 [2]中国证券登记结算有限责任公司

出　　处：《经济研究》2015年第8期85-97,113,共14页Economic Research Journal

摘　　要：本文基于2002—2006年间中国制造业企业面板数据、高度细化的海关数据和行业差异化程度数据,讨论进口对于差异化行业的企业生产率的促进作用。考虑到进口与企业生产率可能存在反向因果关系影响估计结果的一致性,本文通过使用关税指数构建工具变量来解决内生性问题。本文发现了中间投入品进口与最终产品进口对于企业生产率的促进作用。进一步考虑行业差异化问题,研究发现进口仅对于同质性行业的企业生产率提升有显著的促进作用。通过引入市场集中度,实证回归结果表明进口竞争效应对于同质性行业更为重要,而进口技术外溢效应对于差异化程度较大的行业更为重要。数据显示的差异化较大的行业从技术外溢中获益数值较小的原因可能源于阶段性企业科技研发投入的不足。This paper studies the impact of imported intermediate inputs and imports of final goods on firm by taking product complexity into account, based on highly disaggregated Chinese transaction-level trade data and firm-level production data from 2002 to 2006. After controlling for the endogeneity of imported intermediate inputs, we confirm that firms could benefit from imports. Further, we find import could improve firm productivity which produce homogeneous goods, but has little effect on those produce complex goods. To explain this heterogeneous effect, market concentration is introduced, and the result reveals that import competition effect weighs more in homogeneous industry while import spillover effect is more important to heterogeneous industry. The little impact of imports on firm productivity in heterogeneous industry could be explained by weak import spillover effect due to low R＆D efficiency.

关 键 词：进口竞争效应 进口技术外溢效应 企业生产率 差异化行业 市场集中度 

分 类 号：F425[经济管理—产业经济] F752.61