基于GIS和RUSLE的洱海流域土壤侵蚀空间特征分析  

Analysis on Spatial Characteristics of Soil Erosionin Erhai River Basin Based on GIS and RUSLE

作　　者：王卫林[1,2] 叶燎原[3] 杨昆[1,3] 王桂林[2,3] 苏飞[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学信息学院,昆明650500 [2]云南师范大学旅游与地理科学学院,昆明650500 [3]西部资源环境地理信息技术教育部工程研究中心,昆明650500

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2015年第13期3108-3113,共6页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家"863"计划项目(2012AA121402);云南社会发展科技计划项目(2012CA024);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20115303110002)

摘　　要：土壤侵蚀空间分布特征是进行土壤侵蚀防治规划、实践的重要基础与依据。基于地理信息系统（GIS）和遥感技术（RS），提取了洱海流域降雨侵蚀力、土壤可蚀性、坡度坡长、地表覆盖、水土保持措施5个主要影响水土流失因子．采用修正的通用土壤流失模型（RUSLE）估算土壤侵蚀量，并运用GIS空间统计分析功能．分析了土壤侵蚀在海拔、坡度与土地利用类型等方面的空间分布特征。结果表明，洱海流域年平均土壤侵蚀模数为64．68t／（hm^2·a）．属于强度侵蚀，土壤侵蚀面积1404．279km^2，占总流域面积的61．12％．2000～2500m高程带、15°～45°坡度带，以及未利用土地区域是研究区土壤侵蚀防治的重点地区。The spatial distribution characteristics are important basis for the planning and application of soil erosion prevention. Based on geographic information systems（GIS） and remote sensing（RS）, five primary factors affecting soil erosion in the Er- Hai Lake basin were extracted,i.e.,rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, terrain, vegetation coverage and soil and water conser- vation measures. Meanwhile, the amount of soil erosion was estimated using the revised universal soil loss equation （RUSLE） model. Furthermore, the spatial distribution characteristics were also analyzed with the application of GIS in the view of ele- vation, slope and land use types. The results showed that the soil erosion modulus were 64.68t/（hm^2-a）,which belonged to the grade of intensity erosion, and a erodible area of 1404.279km^2 （61.12% of the whole area）.The results also revealed that soil erosion ,especially soil erosion with high grade, mostly distributed in the following areas, that is elevation area from 2000 to 2500 meters, slope area from 15 to 45 degree, and unused land. Those areas were the key zone for soil erosion.4

关 键 词：洱海流域 修正的通用土壤侵蚀方程 地理信息系统 水土流失 空间分布特征 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]