小麦-华山新麦草二体附加系不同Ns染色体对小麦幼穗发育进程及光合作用的影响  

The Influence of Different Ns Chromosomes in Wheat- Psathyrostachys huashanica Disomic Addition Lines on Young Ear Development and Photosynthesis

作　　者：王亮明[1] 敬樊 刘洋[1] 武军[1] 杜万里[1] 庞玉辉[1] 鲁敏[1] 张军[1] 杨群慧[1] 王中华[1] 陈新宏[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2015年第8期1002-1010,共9页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金："十二五"农业部引进国际先进农业科学技术计划(948计划)项目(No.2013-Z28);陕西省重点科技创新团队支持计划(No.2014KCT-25);西北农林科技大学唐仲英育种基金

摘　　要：小麦（Triticum aestivum）幼穗发育进程和光合作用是小麦育种中必须考虑的两个因素。本研究以小麦-华山新麦草（Psathyrostachys huashanica）全套二体附加系为材料,就附加染色体对幼穗发育进程及光合效应进行了观察和测定,以期对相关性状基因进行染色体定位和综合评价华山新麦草外源染色体对小麦幼穗发育及光合指标的影响。特定序列扩增（sequence characterized amplified regions,SCAR）标记鉴定结果证明,该套附加系全部携带有华山新麦草Ns染色体;同时幼穗解剖观察显示6Ns附加系幼穗发育速度最快,成熟期比对照亲本7182缩短14~16 d;其次是5Ns和2Ns附加系,而4Ns附加系成熟期较亲本7182晚6~7 d;光合指标测定结果表明,1Ns附加系和5 Ns附加系的光合速率最高,达23.73μmol/（m2·s）和23.19μmol/（m2·s）,贡献最大,与亲本小麦7182（15.73μmol/（m2·s））差异显著（P〈0.05）,呈现出正效应,而3Ns附加系（11.10μmol/（m2·s））和6Ns附加系（11.64μmol/（m2·s））较亲本7182呈现出明显的负效应。由此可推测6Ns和1Ns染色体上可能分别存在促使幼穗发育和高光合效应的基因,可作为种质资源改良现有品种,服务于小麦遗传育种。In wheat breeding, young ear development process and photosynthesis are two factors which must be considered. In this study, a complete set of wheat-Psathyrostachys huashanica disomic alien addition lines were studied on young ear development process and photosynthesis. The purpose of this article is to map associated genetic traits on chromosome, and comprehensive evaluation of the young ear development process and photosynthetic effect of Psathyrostachys huashanica alien chromosomes. The sequenced characterized amplified region （SCAR） maker identification showed that all of this wheat-Psathyrostachys huashanicadisomic alien addition lines had Psathyrostachys huashanica chromosomes. Anatomic observation indicated that the young ear of the addition line of 6Ns developed fastest, and the mature period shortened 14-16 days compared with parents 7182; the development rate of the 5Ns and 2Ns addition line were behind, and the mature period of the 4Ns addition line were 6-7 days later compared with parents 7182. The photosynthetic indexes determination showed that the photosynthetic rate of the 1Ns addition line had reached at 23.73 μmol/ （m2- s）, made the largest contribution, with a significant difference （P〈0.05） from wheat 7182 （15.73 μmol/ （m2. s）） and suggesting a significantly positive effect. However the 3Ns （11.10μmol/（m2, s）） and 6Ns （11.64 μmol/（m2 · s）） addition line made a least contribution, suggesting a significantly negative effect. All results showed that the 6Ns and 1Ns chromosomes might have the genes which can promote young ear development and high photosynthesis efficiency, and can play an important role in germplasm improvement of existing varieties.

关 键 词：小麦 华山新麦草 光合作用 二体附加系 穗原基分化 

分 类 号：S512.103[农业科学—作物学]