生物炭对农田地表反照率及土壤温度与湿度的影响  

Effects of Biochar on Soil Surface Albedo,Temperature and Moisture in Agricultural Soil

作　　者：张阳阳[1] 胡学玉[1] 张迪[1] 陈威[1] 邹娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2015年第8期1234-1239,共6页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371485;41071159);湖北省自然科学基金重点项目(2014CFA116)

摘　　要：为了探究生物炭输入后农田地表反照率及土壤温度与土壤湿度的响应,通过田间小区试验,分析生物炭影响下农田地表反照率、土壤温度、土壤湿度的变化情况.试验共设置3个主处理——CK处理（不施用生物炭）、BC5处理〔生物炭施用量为0.5kg/（m^2·a）〕、BC45处理〔生物炭施用量为4.5 kg/（m^2·a）〕,同时每个主处理设置2个副处理——种植作物（以＋表示）和未种植作物（以-表示）.结果表明：在有作物覆盖条件下,相对于CK＋处理,BC45＋、BC5＋处理的地表反照率在玉米苗期分别下降23.1%、19.1%（P〈0.05）,在玉米拔节期分别下降20.0%、15.1%（P〈0.05）,但在玉米抽穗期至成熟期,各处理的地表反照率无明显差异.BC5＋、BC45＋处理的土壤温度、土壤湿度与CK＋处理相比均未见显著改变.在未种植作物条件下,相对于CK-处理,BC45-、BC5-处理的地表反照率最大降幅分别为26.7%、24.3%（P〈0.05）,BC5-处理的土壤湿度增幅为1.7%-3.8%,BC45-处理的土壤温度、土壤湿度无显著变化.可见,随着玉米冠层结构的发展,生物炭输入降低地表反照率的效应在逐渐减弱甚至消失;生物炭输入对土壤温度、土壤湿度的影响程度与作物覆盖条件以及生物炭施用量有关.Before biochar is widely used,more attention should be paid to the problem of biochar application resulting in a change of surface albedo of the farmland,which is likely to lead to changes of soil temperature and moisture,further influencing the bioactivity and respiration of the soil. Based on this background,a field experiment was conducted in the present study to characterize seasonal changes in albedo on farmland both with plants and without plants,and its effect on soil temperature and humidity. The experiment included three treatments： the blank control group（ CK）,and biochar applied at 0. 5 kg/（ m^2·a）（ BC5） and 4. 5 kg/（ m^2·a）（ BC45）,with three replications for each one. Each treatment was attached to two sub-treatments,which were crop cultivation（ ＋） and non-cultivation（-）.The results showed that under the condition of corn planting,the albedo of BC45 ＋ and BC5 ＋ decreased by 23. 1% and 19. 1%（ P〈0. 05） respectively in the maize seedling. The albedo decreased by 20. 0% and 15. 1%（ P〈0. 05） in the jointing stage,but from the heading stage to mature stage,the surface albedo of each treatment showed no significant differences,and the temperature and moisture of soil were not significantly changed with respect to CK ＋. Under the condition of non-cultivation,the albedo of BC45- and BC5- decreased by 26. 7% and 24. 3%,respectively（ P〈0. 05）. The soil moisture of BC5- increased by 1. 7%-3. 8%,while the soil temperature and moisture of BC45- showed no significant changes compared with CK-. With the development of maize canopy structures,the decrease of surface albedo caused by the input of biochar weakened or even disappeared. The effects of biochar input on soil temperature and soil moisture are related to the maize canopy structure and the addition amount of biochar.

关 键 词：生物炭 地表反照率 土壤温度 土壤湿度 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S156[农业科学—土壤学]