两种包膜控释尿素对水稻产量和土壤理化性质的影响  

Effects of two kinds of controlled-release coated urea on rice grain yield and soil properties

作　　者：刘益曦[1] 袁玲[1] 伍绍福 马宪法 章志成[1] 吴良欢[4,5] 李金先[6] 

机构地区：[1]温州科技职业学院园林系,浙江温州325006 [2]绍兴市农业技术推广总站,浙江绍兴312000 [3]浙江环科环境咨询有限公司,浙江杭州310007 [4]教育部环境修复与生态健康重点实验室浙江大学环境与资源学院,浙江杭州310058 [5]浙江省亚热带土壤与植物营养重点实验室浙江大学环境与资源学院,浙江杭州310058 [6]杭州市萧山区农业局,浙江萧山311201

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2015年第7期1213-1220,共8页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD11B01;2011BAD11B02);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201003016);浙江省"三农五方"科技协作计划

摘　　要：为探明控释尿素对水稻的增产效果,以普通尿素(PU)为对照,选择释放期均为90 d的硫黄加树脂双层包膜尿素(SPCU)和树脂包膜尿素(PCU)为试验材料,通过6年田间定位试验(2008—2013)研究了全氮量和70%施氮量条件下两种包膜控释尿素对水稻产量、氮肥利用率及土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,两种包膜控释尿素处理对水稻的增产效果均优于普通尿素,特别是两种控释尿素在70%施氮量下的水稻产量均显著高于普通尿素全氮施肥量处理,说明控释尿素有明显的增产节肥效果。等氮量条件下,包膜尿素较普通尿素能显著增加水稻有效穗数和每穗实粒数。在全氮量条件下,连续6年施用SPCU的土壤有效硫含量较树脂包膜尿素和普通尿素处理显著增加了70.5%和51.6%。综上,不同施氮水平下控释尿素的氮肥利用率普遍高于普通尿素。PCU与SPCU相比,PCU的氮肥利用率更高,也更利于提高水稻产量,且SPCU长期施用可能会导致土壤硫积累,因而PCU更值得推广。In order to clarify the effects of controlled-release fertilizer on rice, prilled urea was adopted as control re- agents, and sulfur-polyester resin-coated urea （SPCU）, polyester resin coated urea （PCU） were chosen to explore their effects on nitrogen use efficiency as well as soil physicochemical properties via a long term field experiment from2008 to 2013. It was shown that coated urea improved rice grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency significantly com- pared to PU in conventional fertilizer application amount. When N application amount was reduced to 70% of the conventional fertilization, coated urea treatments still exhibited higher yield compared to PU with conventional appli- cation amount, which indicated that coated urea could increase grain yield while reduce N input. Under the same N application rate, coated urea significantly improved rice fertile panicle and filled grain numbers. After 6 years of con- tinuous experiment, under conventional N application amount, soil effective sulfur content with SPCU was 70. 5% and 51.6% higher than that with PCU and PU, respectively. In conclusion, nitrogen use efficiency of controlled-re- lease fertilizer was higher than prilled urea. Between the two kinds of controlled-release fertilizer, PCU was more ef- fective to increase N use efficiency and yield than SPCU. Considering the sulfur accumulation caused by SPCU, PCU was the better choice for long term application.

关 键 词：控释尿素 水稻 产量 氮肥利用率 硫 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]