不同水生植物组合对富营养化水体净化的模拟研究  

Purification Efficiency of Different Aquatic Plants in Eutrophic Water

作　　者：窦艳艳[1] 陈垚[2,3] 李春龙[2] 

机构地区：[1]中原工学院能源与环境学院,河南郑州450007 [2]重庆交通大学河海学院,重庆400074 [3]重庆交通大学省部共建水利水运工程教育部重点实验室,重庆400074

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2015年第8期223-227,272,共6页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(142102210521);中原工学院青年骨干教师资助项目;省部共建水利水运工程教育部重点实验室开放基金(SLK2010B09)

摘　　要：选择8种具观赏效果的水生植物万年青（Rohdea japonica）、百合竹（Dracaena reflexa）、袖珍椰子（Chamaedorea elegans）、绿菊（Cabomba caroliniana Gray）、迷你皇冠（Dwart sword plant）、苦草（Vallisneria natans（Lour.）Hara）、槐叶萍（Salvinia natans（L.）All.）和青萍（Lemna minor L）,构建7种不同水生植物组合,在模拟富营养化水体环境条件下,研究了不同水生植物组合对水体的净化效果。结果表明,配置的7种植物组合均能在富营养化水体中正常生长,并且对氮磷具有较好的去除能力,同时不同植物组合的净化能力差异性较显著,对NO3--N、NH4＋-N、TN和TP的去除率分别为40.4%~97.5%、57.8%~89.9%、48.9%~91.5%和75.5%~92.8%。其中,不同植物配置而成的处理组T5（万年青＋袖珍椰子＋迷你皇冠＋苦草＋槐叶萍、青萍）和T7（百合竹＋万年青＋迷你皇冠＋苦草＋槐叶萍、青萍）对水体具有较好的综合净化效果,而T2（百合竹＋袖珍椰子＋绿菊＋苦草＋槐叶萍、青萍）的净化能力最差。从植物净化能力、生长特性、景观效果和生态效应等方面综合考虑,T5配置的水生植物组合具有景观效果好、对营养物质去除率较高且稳定的特点,是重庆及类似气候带地区居住小区营造生态水景的最佳水生植物配置。Eight aquatic plants such as Rohdea japonica, Dracaena reflexa, Chamaedorea Elegans, Cabomba caroliniana Gray, Dwart Sword Plant, Vallisneria natans （Lour.） Hara, Salvinia natans （L.） All. and Lemna minor L, which have strong ornamental effect, composed into seven combinations, and then purification efficiency of simulated eutrophic water with these assembled aquatic plants was studied. Results show that all these kinds of hydrophytes in eutrophic water can normally grow and develop, and have good removal ability to nitrogen and phosphorus, while there is a little significant about the difference in purification capacity of different combinations, with removal rate of NO3--N,NHg＋-N,TN and TP around 40.4%~97.5%, 57.8%-89.9%, 48.9%-91.5% and 75.5%-92.8%, respectively. Among all these combinations, Rohdea japonica, Chamaedorea Elegans, Dwart- sword plant, Vallisneria natans （Lour.） Hara, Salvinia natans （L.） AlL and Lemna minor L in group T5, and Rohdea japonica, Dracaena reflexa, Dwart sword plant, Vallisneria natans （Lour.） Hara, Salvinia natans （L.） All. and Lemna minor L in group T7 show a good performance in pollutants removal, whereas Dracaena reflexa, Chamaedorea elegans, Cabomba caroliniana Gray, Vallisneria natans （Lour.） Hara, Salvinia natans（L.） All. and Lemna minor L in T2 have the worst purification. Considering comprehensively to purification ability, growth characteristic, scenic effect and ecological effect, the combination in group T5, which has some advantages such as good ornamental effect, high and stable removal rate of nutrients, is the best assembled aquatic plants to ecological water scape of residential areas in Chongqing and other similar climatic-band regions.

关 键 词：水生植物 富营养化 氮磷 净化效果 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]