早成岩期喀斯特化研究新进展及意义  

New advance and enlightenment of eogenetic karstification

作　　者：谭秀成[1,2,3] 肖笛[1,2] 陈景山[2] 李凌[2,3] 刘宏[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室西南石油大学,四川成都610500 [2]天然气地质四川省重点实验室西南石油大学,四川成都610500 [3]中国石油碳酸盐岩重点实验室沉积-成藏研究室西南石油大学,四川成都610500

出　　处：《古地理学报》2015年第4期441-456,共16页Journal of Palaeogeography：Chinese Edition

基　　金："十二五"国家科技攻关重大专项(编号:2011ZX05004-005-03);四川省省属高校"天然气地质"科研创新团队建设计划联合资助

摘　　要：基于四川盆地多个层位的、不同岩相的碳酸盐岩具有差异岩溶特征的发现与思考,结合当今国外有关碳酸盐岩早成岩期喀斯特化研究进展的调研,进行了简单的梳理与归纳。(1)喀斯特物质基础可分为孔渗性较好的早成岩期岩石与致密的晚成岩期岩石2类。它们分别以基质粒间孔和裂缝作为岩溶水的输导介质,形成所谓的非受限管道与受限管道,从而控制了不同成岩期岩石的喀斯特形态特征,并强调不同成岩期碳酸盐岩孔渗性控制喀斯特缝洞发育模式。(2)重视不同地理环境对喀斯特化的影响,按地理环境可以分为岛屿、海岸型喀斯特和大陆型喀斯特2类:前者主要以与大气淡水透镜体相关的化学溶蚀为主,发育极具识别意义的侧翼边缘溶洞,但其影响是局部性的;后者以地表、地下河流的机械侵蚀为主,地下暗河沉积发育,其影响是区域性的。(3)重点关注目前国内涉及较少的早成岩期喀斯特的宏观与微观特征、判识标志以及溶蚀机理等研究成果。最后,结合四川盆地古生界多个层位类似早成岩期喀斯特的发现与识别,分析总结早成岩期喀斯特型储集层发育及分布特征,以期今后对类似喀斯特现象的发现、识别以及相关储集层的勘探提供参考与借鉴。Based on the discovery of the karst differentiations of several carbonate layers with differ- ent lithofacies in Sichuan Basin, present research advance of eogenetic karstification abroad is collected and collated in this paper.（1） The karst host rocks can be divided into two types, namely eogenetic rock with high porosity-permeability and telogenetic rock with low porosity-permeability or with even totally com- pacted. The two type rocks mainly use the intergranular pores and the fracture for karst water transferring,respectively, and accordingly the so-called unconfined conduit and confined conduit develop. The whole process dominates the karst morphology of carbonate rocks during different diagenetic periods. It can be concluded that the porosity and permeability of carbonate rocks in different diagenetic periods control the development model of karst fissure and cave. （2） More attention should be given to the impact on the karstification by the geographical settings. The karstification type can be divided into island- and coastal- typed and continental typed. The former is mainly related to chemical dissolution associated with meteoroic lens, developing flank margin caves which can be regarded as identification marks for island- and coastal- typed karst, but with minor influence on the whole. The latter, on the contrast, mechanically interacts with underground and surface water, with mass underground river deposition and large influence on the range and depth. （3） We follow with interest of the related latest achievements for eogenetic karst investi- gation, such as the macro- and micro-characteristics, identification marks, and dissolution mechanism of eogenetic karstification, which poorly reported domestically. Finally, for multiple carbonate layers found in Paleozoic are pervasively featured by likely eogenetic karst in Sichuan Basin, it analyzes and concludes the development and distribution characteristics of eogenetic karst reservoir. The results may offer reference for the discovery, recog

关 键 词：喀斯特 控制因素 地理环境 溶蚀机理 识别标志 

分 类 号：P588.245[天文地球—岩石学]