加气灌溉对大棚甜瓜土壤酶活性与微生物数量的影响  

Effects of Aeration on Rhizosphere Soil Enzyme Activities and Soil Microbes for Muskmelon in Plastic Greenhouse

作　　者：李元[1] 牛文全[1,2] 张明智[2] 薛璐[2] 王京伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2015年第8期121-129,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助项目(2011AA100507)

摘　　要：利用空气压缩机为大棚甜瓜根系供气,采用正交试验设计,研究滴灌带埋深(10、25、40 cm)、加气频率(每天加气1次、每2 d加气1次、每4 d加气1次、不加气)、灌水上限(灌水至田间持水量的70%、80%、90%)对大棚甜瓜种植下土壤酶活性及微生物数量的影响。研究结果表明:1加气灌溉对土壤酶活性、土壤微生物数量均有显著影响。其中对细菌、放线菌数量影响由大到小依次为加气频率、滴灌带埋深和灌水上限;对过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性、真菌数量影响由大到小依次为滴灌带埋深、加气频率和灌水上限。2最适宜的滴灌带埋深为25 cm。3每天加气1次土壤脲酶活性最高,细菌数量也最多;每2 d加气1次土壤过氧化氢酶活性最高,真菌数量最多。4灌水至田间持水量的80%过氧化氢酶活性最高,放线菌数量最多,灌水至田间持水量的90%脲酶活性最高,细菌及真菌数量最多。In order to study the influence of lateral depth of subsurface drip irrigation, aeration frequency and irrigation amount on soil enzyme activities and soil microbes of muskmelon grown in greenhouse, the experiment was carried out with orthogonal test design and using an air compressor to aerate the roots of muskmelon. Results showed that： ①Aeration had a significant impact on soil enzyme activities and soil microbial quantity. According to the influencing degree on quantity of rhizosphere soil bacteria and actinomycetes, these factors can be arranged as follow （descending） ： aeration frequencies, depths of subsurface drip irrigation and irrigation amount; for the eatalase, urease and fungi amounts, the order of these factors （descending） was： depths of subsurface drip irrigation, aeration frequencies and irrigation amount. ② The optimal lateral depth of subsurface drip irrigation was 25 cm. ③ The greatest bacteria amounts and urease activities could be obtained through aerating once a day; the greatest fungi amounts and catalase activities could be obtained through aerating once every two days. ④ Catalase activity and actinomycetes quantity can reach the maximum when soil water content was attended to 80% of the field capacity; urease activity and bacteria quantity can reach the maximum when irrigation amount was attended to 90% of the field capacity.

关 键 词：甜瓜 根际通气 灌溉水平 土壤微生物 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S627.9[农业科学—园艺学] S652