垃圾焚烧厂周边二叶恶英分布特征及健康风险评价  

Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Dioxins Emissions from Incineration Plant

作　　者：廖旭[1] 张娴[1] 黄文军[1] 洪子肖[1] 陈亮[1] 林斌[1] 张晗[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院城市环境研究所城市环境与健康重点实验室,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2015年第7期189-195,共7页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21207126);福建省自然科学基金项目(2011J05033);厦门市科技计划项目(3502Z20122002)

摘　　要：文章研究了垃圾焚烧厂烟道气及周边大气和土壤中二叶恶英的浓度和各污染物分布特征,其浓度水平均低于国家标准限值,说明该研究中垃圾焚烧厂的焚烧处理设备和污染控制技术符合我国焚烧烟气中二叶恶英的排放要求。大气和土壤中二叶恶英的浓度远小于烟道气中二叶恶英的浓度,说明空气扩散对废气起到了显著的稀释作用。PCA分析表明,烟道气F和大气样品A3中贡献率最大的单体为2,3,4,7,8-Pe CDF,分别占20.42%和41.05%;大气样品A4和土壤样品S3、S4中贡献率最大的单体为OCDD,分别占55.31%、70.46%和55.67%。上风向土壤、下风向空气和土壤受焚烧厂影响显著。通过健康风险评价,垃圾焚烧场周围成人及儿童每天的PCDD/PCDFs风险在安全水平线内,但儿童的呼吸暴露量高于成人,表明儿童在环境中更易受到二叶恶英的威胁。Concentration and distribution characteristics of dioxins from incineration plant flue gas and the surrounding environment were investigated. Results showed that the incineration equipment and pollution control technology conform to the requirements in flue gas dioxin emissions of China. Levels of dioxins in the atmosphere and soil are far less than the dioxins in the flue gas, and concentration levels are below the national standard limit, which indicated that airdiffusionhas significant dilution effect on the exhaust gas. Principal component analysis （PCA） showed that air sample （A4） and soil sample （$3, $4） were significantly affected by flue gas （F）, with the largest contributor in F and A3 as 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, accounting for 20.42% and 41.05% respectively, while OCDD was the largest contributor for A4, $3 and $4, accounting for 55.31%, 70.46% and 55.67% respectively. The health risk assessment of respiratory exposure shows adults and children under the WTO recommended safety level, but children＇s respiratory exposure is much higher than adults. So children are more vulnerable to the threat from dioxin.

关 键 词：二叶恶英 垃圾焚烧厂 呼吸暴露风险评价 致癌风险 非致癌风险 

分 类 号：X823[环境科学与工程—环境工程]