中国主题公园发展的回顾、评价与展望  

Review, Evaluation and Prospect of Theme Park Development in Contemporary China

作　　者：钟士恩[1] 张捷[2] 李莉[2] 钟静[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学工商管理学院,江苏南京210023 [2]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2015年第8期115-126,共12页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"主题公园旅游空间的生长及其空间外部性研究:以常州市环球恐龙城为例"(41201136);国家旅游局旅游业青年专家培养计划(TYEPT201423)课题联合资助~~

摘　　要：文章通过文献分析、田野调查、会议记录和深度访谈等多类型数据采集,对当代中国主题公园2000年前后的变化进行了比较分析。中国本土主题公园的发展经历了2000年以前的大规模开发建设阶段,普遍呈现出"一年兴,二年盛,三年衰,四年败"的短生命周期特征。进入21世纪,主题公园呈现出整体旅游产品的有益补充,开发和建设规模巨大,主题类型和区位分布更具多样性,文化再现和产业集群发展不断提高,旅游与城市、区域发展的一体化等重要特征。但与此同时,正在面临土地管制、激烈竞争等诸多问题的挑战。研究发现:(1)中国本土主题公园的发展历程,生动地诠释了Livingstone"将进步置于地方"的地理学论断。"迪士尼的进步"及其在中国的扩散,围绕2000年前后分别呈现出不同的、本土化的政治、经济和文化用途。(2)主题公园与城市和区域发展的一体化,特别是宜居宜游城市建设,为新型城市化,抑或城市的转型或文化复苏、人工环境与自然环境之间的关系提供了新的认识。(3)主题公园的发展及其演化对外部空间的溢出效应,会对旅游的区域影响研究提供新的研究视角,比如空间外部性和旅游空间乘数。最后探讨了主题公园的城市化与城市的主题公园化,揭示了当代城市与主题公园的内在联系。This study aims to compare the Chinese theme park opened before and after 2000 based on a systematic literature review, field surveys, and context analysis of conference records and focus-group transcripts. Prior to the 21 st century, China＇ s native theme parks were known for being with very short life cycles--popular in the fn-st year, prosperous in the second year, declined by the third year, and closed in the fourth year. Despite this trend, in the early 21st century, China has been witnessing another round of wave of theme park expansion. As a type of artificial attractions, theme parks have become a beneficial supplement to the entire system of tourist attractions. Most of the theme parks have been injected substantial invesmaents, and diversified their products and geographic distributions. They mostly have expanded from stand-alone attractions to large scale tourism complexes and industry agglomerates to strengthen their competitive advantage. The most significant trend we observe is the integration of theme parks and urban development. This paper addresses the rationale for changes in theme park development, from a traditional resource-based model to a market-oriented model, and in particular, we discuss the integration of theme parks and urban development from the perspective of external effects. The dynamic development process of theme parks in China can be explained, at least partly, by Livingstone＇ s （2006） geographical philosophy of putting progress in its place. Over years, the Chinese tourists＇ preferences and tastes toward theme parks changed significant before and after 2000. We find that before the 21 st century, theme park emerged as an innovative type of tourist attractions, especially in the early years after China＇ s reform and opening up. But after the 21 st century, theme parks have undergone another wave of significant expansion in an accelerating growth background of marketization, urbanization and globalization. Theme parks have become a tool for city management, a battlefi

关 键 词：主题公园 旅游地生命周期 宜居宜游城市 外部效应 空间乘数 

分 类 号：F592.7[经济管理—旅游管理]