杂色山雀的婚外父权与配偶间的遗传相容性无关  

Extra-pair paternity is unrelated to the spouse's genetic compatibility in varied tit( Parus varius)

作　　者：马锐强[1] 常鹏[1] 万冬梅[1] 鞠静[1] 张雷[1] 李东来[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学生命科学院,辽宁省动物资源与疫病防治重点实验室,沈阳110036

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第15期5018-5025,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31071927,31100171)

摘　　要：婚配制度作为一种进化稳定对策是动物对某一环境包括种群内部环境适应的结果。据统计,约92%的鸟类为社会性单配制,但单配制鸟类中很多都存在婚外父权现象,表现出社会性婚配制度与遗传性婚配制度的不一致性。杂色山雀(Parus varius)是一种社会性单配制的小型森林洞巢鸟,其是否存在婚外父权现象至今尚未见报道。通过对杂色山雀进行亲权鉴定以确定其有无婚外父权现象及婚外父权的比例,结果显示:45.45%(20/44)的巢存在婚外父权,14.39%(38/264)的后代为婚外子代,说明杂色山雀具有较高的婚外父权水平。进一步探究其婚外父权的发生原因,结果如下:(1)有、无婚外父权巢的社会性亲本之间的遗传相似性无显著差异(P=0.504);(2)有婚外父权巢中婚内子代和无婚外父权巢中子代的杂合度(P=0.118)以及有婚外父权巢中婚外子代与婚内子代的杂合度(P=0.206)均无显著差异。(3)有婚外父权巢中的婚内子代与婚外子代间8项体征指标比较,差异均不显著(Ps>0.05)。综上,社会性单配制杂色山雀婚外父权的发生与配偶间的遗传相容性无关,还有待从其他角度进行探究。Mating system of animals, as a stable evolutionary strategy, is the result of adaptation to the surroundings as well as their inter-specific environment. About 92% of birds are social monogamous; however, many social monogamous birds have extra-pair paternity （EPP）, which shows the difference between social mating system and genetic mating system. Varied tits （Parus varius） are social monogamous, but their genetic mating system is not ascertained. Our research indentified the EPP and determined its ratio. The results showed that 20 of 44 broods （45.45%） had extra-pair nestlings and 38 of 264 nestlings （14.39%） were the result of extra-pair fertilization, which indicated that varied tit was not strictly socially monogamous but with a high level of EPP. Further studies of EPP occurrence in varied tit showed that there was no significant difference between the broods with EPP and without EPP （P=0.504）. Comparison of heterozygosity between within pair offspring （WPO） from the broods with EPP and without EPP also showed no significant difference （P=0.118）. The same was observed between the extra-pair offspring （EPO） and WPO in the broods with EPP （P=0.206） and additional eight physical indicators of WPO and EPO in broods with EPP （Ps〉 0.05）. In summary, the emergence of EPP in varied tit was not in favor of the genetic compatibility, which warrants further exploration of other aspects.

关 键 词：婚配制度 婚外父权 遗传相似性 杂合度 杂色山雀 

分 类 号：Q953[生物学—动物学]