三峡水库175m试验性蓄水期库区及其上游江段鱼类群落结构时空分布格局  

Spatiotemporal patterns of fish community structures in the Three Gorges Reservoir and its upstream during the 175-m-deep impoundment

作　　者：杨志[1] 唐会元[1] 朱迪[1] 刘宏高[1] 万力[1] 陶江平[1] 乔晔[1] 常剑波[1] 

机构地区：[1]水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室,水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,武汉430079

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第15期5064-5075,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51209151,51179109,51379134);三峡工程与环境监测系统项目(SX[2010]-009);中国长江三峡集团公司项目(0799527)

摘　　要：根据2010—2012年在三峡水库及其上游江段5个江段的商业性渔获物调查结果,对该区域鱼类群落结构的时空分布格局进行了分析。调查中共收集到鱼类87种,隶属于8目18科63属。沿坝前江段溯河而上至库尾以上流水江段,鱼类种类数逐渐增加。采用聚类分析(CA)和非度量多维标度(NMDS)方法对三峡水库175 m试验性蓄水期间各江段的鱼类种类组成进行分析,发现这5个调查江段的鱼类种类组成可以分为两个类群:类群Ⅰ包括秭归、巫山、云阳3个库区的江段,其鱼类种类组成在各年间的差异程度较大;而类群Ⅱ包括库尾的涪陵江段以及上游的江津江段,其鱼类种类组成在各年间差异程度较小。采用CA和NMDS方法对鱼类群落结构时空分布格局的分析结果表明,5个调查江段的鱼类群落结构在各年间可以分为不同类群;云阳与涪陵江段的鱼类群落结构的相似性逐年增加,而与秭归、巫山江段的相似性逐年减少;涪陵江段与江津江段的鱼类群落结构相似性也呈逐年减少趋势。总体而言,175m试验性蓄水对库中和库尾江段的鱼类群落结构的影响较大,但对库首以及库尾以上流水江段的影响均较小。The Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River is one of the largest dams in the world. The water level of the Three Gorges Reservoir （TGR） reached up to 135 m during the first stage of impoundment in 2003 and up to 156 m during the second stage of impoundment in 2006. The third stage of impoundment was conducted in September 2010, during which the water level in the TGR raised to 175 m. Previous studies showed that environmental changes that resulted from the two previous impoundments of the TGR have consequently caused changes in the species composition and structure of the fish communities in the TGR. However, only a few studies were conducted to determine the effect of the 175-m-deep experimental impoundment, which is the highest water level of the TGR, on the fish communities. In this study, we conducted surveys of the commercial catch over 167 days from 2010 to 2012 in five sections of the main stream （Zigui, Wushan, Yunyang, Fuling, and Jiangjin） located in the TGR and the upper Yangtze to reveal the spatiotemporal changes in the structure of the fish communities. A total of 87 fish species belonging to eight orders, 18 families, and 63 genera were recorded during these surveys. The number of species gradually increased from the front reservoir to the tail reservoir in the annual surveys. Cluster analysis （CA） and nonmetric multidimensional scaling （NMDS） resolved two groups of fish species at the five surveyed sections with Jaccard similarity of 58.60% （R=0.883, P〈0.01）. In particular, the species inhabiting the front and middle reservoirs, including the Zigui, Wushan, and Yunyang sections, were classified into one group. that had significant variations were observed among all years of the three sections. The species inhabiting the tail reservoir and the upper Yangtze River, including the Fuling and Jiangjin sections, were classified as another group that did not exhibit significant annual variations in the species compositions. Moreover, CA and NMDS showed that the spatial pattern of fis

关 键 词：三峡水库 蓄水 鱼类 种类组成 群落结构 时空分布格局 聚类分析 非度量多维标度 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]