水源涵养与水文调节:和而不同的陆地生态系统水文服务  

Water retention and hydrological regulation: harmony but not the same in terrestrial hydrological ecosystem services

作　　者：吕一河[1] 胡健[1] 孙飞翔[1] 张立伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第15期5191-5196,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑资助项目"祁连山区水源涵养功能监测及增贮潜力评估"(2012BAC08B01)

摘　　要：水与生态系统的关系是重要的科学问题,并且受到社会广泛关注。水源涵养和水文调节都是陆地生态系统所能提供的水文服务,并从生态水文和水资源角度把生态系统的健康和完整性与人类社会的持续发展紧密联系起来,从而也要求动态和综合的视角加以深入研究。基于生态水文过程原理,对水源涵养和水文调节的概念进行了辨析,认为前者是后者的有机组成部分,相对具体、应用中务求精确明晰;后者则更具包容性、客观性和广泛适用性。文章进一步简要分析了当前国内外生态系统水源涵养和水文调节服务的主导评估方法,结果表明,水源涵养的评估以储水量法为主,而水文调节则以基于降水和蒸散的水量平衡法及综合模型法(如SWAT)为主。从生态系统服务相互作用的角度考量,实际上水源涵养和水文调节及其相关的其它服务类型(如固碳、土壤保持、生物生产、淡水供给等)存在着复杂的动态权衡或协同关系,在科学研究和生态系统管理实践中必须统筹考虑,以确保对科学问题的准确把握和促进"水-生态-社会系统"的高效、可持续发展。为此,必须加强对生态水文过程的长期观测和实验研究,并且关注空间异质性及尺度效应、时间动态性和利益相关者需求的多维性。The relationship between water and ecosystems, an important hotspot in the scientific fields, is highly concerned by the whole human society. Water retention and hydrological regulation are both key services produced by terrestrial ecosystems, which closely link the health and integrity of ecosystems and sustainable socioeconomic development that calls for dynamic and comprehensive perspectives for advancing the research paradigm. This paper firstly clarified the scientific concepts of water retention and hydrological regulation based on the principles of eco-hydrological processes. Water retention is the capacity of ecosystems to hold part of water input from precipitation at certain spatiotemporal scales, whereas, hydrological regulation is the capacity of ecosystems influencing the hydrological cycles across space and time. In fact, water retention is an integral component of hydrological regulation. The spatiotemporal variation of water retention can have important impacts on the roles of ecosystems in hydrological regulation services. The former is specific and should be used accurately, while the latter is more inclusive, objective, and widely usable. Then, a brief analysis on the assessment methods of the two hydrological ecosystem services was given in the paper. It was found that water storage estimation at different spatial scales was the staple method for the assessment of water retention service, whereas, water balance partition based on precipitation and evapotranspiration and complex models （e.g., SWAT） were most widely used for hydrological regulation service assessment. Anyway, spatial scaling and temporal dynamics should be incorporated in ecohydrological monitoring, assessment, and modeling, which is a weak point in contemporary research and applications. From the ecosystem services interaction point of view, there are complex trade-offs and dynamic synergies among water retention and hydrological regulation and other relevant ecosystem services （e.g., carbon sequestration, soil conservati

关 键 词：生态系统服务 权衡与协同 生态水文过程 时空变异性 长期生态研究 

分 类 号：P33[天文地球—水文科学] TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源]