秸秆及秸秆黑炭对小麦养分吸收及棕壤酶活性的影响  

Effects of straw and straw biochar on wheat nutrient uptake and enzyme activity in brown soil

作　　者：冯爱青[1,2] 张民[1] 李成亮[1] 杨越超[1] 陈宝成[1] 

机构地区：[1]土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,国家缓控释肥工程技术研究中心,国家化肥质量监督检验中心,山东农业大学资源与环境学院,泰安271018 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第15期5269-5277,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划(2011BAD11B01,2011BAD11B02);国家“948”重点项目(2011-G30);山东省自主创新成果转化重大专项(2012ZHZX1A0408)

摘　　要：通过小麦盆栽试验,研究了玉米秸秆及其秸秆黑炭施加对小麦养分吸收利用和棕壤酶活性的影响。试验设对照(CK),黑炭(B),秸秆还田(S),尿素(U),尿素+黑炭(UB)及尿素+秸秆还田(US)6个处理,各处理3次重复。结果表明:无氮肥施入下,B处理较CK和S处理籽粒产量显著提高99.4%和77.7%,小麦地上部氮、磷、钾吸收累积量分别显著提高94.1%—140.9%,55.4%—66.3%和53.1%—72.6%;有氮肥施入下,UB和US处理较U处理提高籽粒产量8.2%—8.8%,小麦地上部氮、磷、钾吸收累积量分别显著提高14.3%—27.8%,19.6%—30.9%和24.4%—40.9%。秸秆及秸秆黑炭施加处理的氮素利用率显著提高21.4%—41.7%。黑炭施加显著提高土壤中有机碳、NH+4-N、NO-3-N和速效钾含量;在施氮条件下,秸秆还田显著提高土壤中NO-3-N含量;秸秆及黑炭施加对有效磷含量无显著影响。秸秆还田显著提高了土壤脱氢酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶和中性磷酸酶活性;施加黑炭也明显提高了土壤脱氢酶和脲酶活性,但抑制过氧化氢酶和中性磷酸酶活性。土壤脲酶活性与土壤有机碳、无机氮含量呈显著正相关,表明土壤酶可反映土壤肥力水平。Biochar made from crops straw is widely used as a great soil ameliorant that improves soil properties, protects soil environment, and enhances wheat growth. In this study, a potted wheat experiment was conducted to study the effects of corn straw and corn straw biochar on wheat nutrient uptake and utilization, yield, and enzyme activities in brown soil. Six treatments were set up with three replications as follows： control （CK）, biochar （B）, straw （S）, urea （U）, Urea＋biochar （UB）, and Urea＋straw （US）. In this study, the biochar was made from corn straw at 500 ℃ under anaerobic conditions. The results demonstrated that compared with the treatments of CK and S, the yield of B treatment was significantly increased by 99.4% and 77.7%, and the amount of accumulated N, phosphorus （P）, and potassium （K） in the wheat aboveground biomass significantly increased by 94.1%-140.9%, 55.4%-66.3%, and 53.1%-72.6%, respectively. However, application of N fertilizer significantly increased the yield of UB and US treatments by 8.2%-8.8% and the amount of accumulated N, P, and K in wheat aboveground biomass increased by 14.3%-27.8%, 19.6%-30.9%, and 24.4%-40.9%, respectively, compared with the treatment of U. The efficiency of N use in treatments of UB and US increased by 21.4%-41.7% compared with the treatment of U; however, the enhancement of N use efficiency was higher in US than in UB. Biochar application significantly increased the content of organic carbon （C）, NH4^＋-N, NO3^--N, and available K in soil. Only does soil NO3^--N content have significantly increased in straw incorporation. In the mature stage of wheat, the organic C content in the soil under the treatments of B and UB increased by 34.9%-54.2% in comparison with other treatments without biochar application. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in soil organic C content under the treatment with straw. In this stage, NH4^＋-N content in soil of UB treatment was also increased by 10.9%-23.5%, which was higher th

关 键 词：秸秆黑炭 秸秆还田 养分吸收利用 土壤酶活性 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]