广州市中心城区冬季大气PM2.5污染状况与居民每日死亡的关系  

Association between PM2.5 air pollution and daily resident mortality in Guangzhou urban area in winter

作　　者：石同幸[1] 董航[1] 杨轶戬[1] 蒋琴琴[1] 胡国媛[1] 冯文如[1] 吕嘉韵 林华亮[2] 

机构地区：[1]广州市疾病预防控制中心,广东510440 [2]广东省疾病预防控制中心广东省公共卫生研究院

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2015年第6期477-481,共5页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：广东省医学科研基金(A2013535;B2013077)

摘　　要：目的了解2013年广州市中心城区冬季PM2.5污染特征及其对居民死亡的影响。方法于2013年11和12月,每月10—16日采集广州中心城区大气PM2.5样本,分析样本中的12种金属元素（Pb、Mn、Al、Cd、Cr、Sb、As、Be、Hg、Ni、Se、Ti）、4种无机水溶性离子（NO3-、SO42-、NH4＋和Cl-）和16种多环芳烃（PAHs）;收集2013年度中心城区的大气PM2.5日平均浓度和2013年居民的每日死亡数据,利用广义相加时间序列模型分析大气PM2.5日平均浓度与居民非意外总死亡、呼吸系统疾病和心血管疾病死亡的关系。结果 PM2.5中,无机水溶性离子质量所占比例最高（38.29%）,其中NO3-平均浓度最高（14.42μg/m3）,其次是SO42-（13.94μg/m3）;金属成分中Al的含量最高（239.99 ng/m3）,其次是Pb（138.15 ng/m3）;多环芳烃中苯并[b]荧蒽（Bb F）的含量最高（3.96 ng/m3）,其次是荧蒽（Flu）（3.61 ng/m3）,苯并[a]芘（Ba P）为2.89 ng/m3。时间序列分析显示,大气中PM2.5浓度在滞后1d时非意外总死亡的健康效应最大,PM2.5浓度每升高10μg/m3居民非意外总死亡率升高1.20%（95%CI：0.63%～1.77%）;在滞后3 d时心血管疾病的死亡效应最大,PM2.5每升高10μg/m3居民心血管疾病死亡率升高1.41%（95%CI：0.62～2.21%）,未发现PM2.5对于呼吸系统疾病的死亡有显著的影响（lag0～lag3）。结论广州市中心城区大气PM2.5吸附的无机水溶性离子以NO3-和SO42-为主,PM2.5浓度的升高会引起相关疾病,尤其是心血管疾病死亡率的增加。Objective To describe the characteristics of ambient PM2.5 pollution and its association with mortality in urban area of Guangzhou. Methods Ambient PM2.5 was collected during November 10 to November 16 and December 10 to December 16, 2013 in urban area of Guangzhou. The samples were analyzed for 12 metals （Pb, Mn, A1, Cd, Cr, Sb, As, Be, Hg, Ni, Se and Ti）, 4 inorganic water-soluble ions （NO3-, SO42-, NH4＋ and C1-）, and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaph- thene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, benzo（a） an- thracene, benzo（b）fluoranthene, benzo（k）fluoranthene, benzo（a）pyrene, indeno[1,2,3-c,d]- pyrene, dibenzo（a,h）anthracene and benzo （g,h,i）perylene]. The data on daily mean concentration of PM2.5 and mortality in urban area of Guangzhou in 2013 were also collected. Poisson regression models were performed to examine the association between ambient PM2.5 concentration and total non-accidental mortality, respiratory diseases and cardiovascular diseases mortalities. Results The concentration of inorganic water-soluble ions accounted for the largest proportion in the three main components （38.29%）. The concentration of NO3- （14.42 μg/m3） was the most in inorganic water-soluble ions, and the following was SO42- （13.94 μg/m3）. Of the metals, the concentration of aluminum was the highest （239.99 ng/m3）, followed by lead （138.15 ng/m3）. Of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the concentration of benzo（b）fluoranthene was the highest （3.96 ng/m3）, followed by fluoranthene （3.61 ng/m3）, benzo（a）pyrene （2.89 ng/m3）. Time series analysis showed the largest effect of PM2.5 concentration on total non-accidental mortality with a one-day lag. Total non-accidental mortality increased by 1.20% （95%CI： 0.63%-1.77%） for per 10 txg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration. The largest effect of PM2.5 concentration on cardiovascular diseases mortality was observed with a three-day lag.

关 键 词：PM2.5 无机水溶性离子 金属 多环芳烃 死亡 心血管疾病 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]