二烯丙基甲基烷基溴化铵的合成及性能研究  

Synthesis and properties of diallylmethylalkylammonium bromide

作　　者：陶贤平[1] 张跃军[2] 夏胜利[1] 

机构地区：[1]南通职业大学化学与生物工程学院,江苏南通226007 [2]南京理工大学化工学院,江苏南京210094

出　　处：《日用化学工业》2015年第8期434-438,共5页China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics

基　　金：南通市精细化工科技服务平台重点资助项目(DE2010006)

摘　　要：以二烯丙基甲胺（DAM）和不同碳链的1-溴代烷为主要原料，合成了4种二烯丙基甲基烷基（n=4，6，8，10）溴化铵（分别标记为C4，C6，C8和C10），用IR，^1HNMR和元素分析对产物结构进行了表征，并通过测定其表面活性、水溶性和絮凝性能，考察产物结构对其性能的影响。结果表明：C4-C10较佳的合成工艺条件为以丙酮为溶剂，DAM与1-溴代烷的摩尔比为1：1．1，反应时间为64～72h，反应温度为50—60℃，所得产物的收率分别为86．16％，78．02％，75．46％和68．10％。结构表征表明合成的产物为目标产物。性能测定表明随烷基链长度的增加，二烯丙基甲基烷基溴化铵的临界胶束浓度和相应的表面张力依次减小，分别为3．2×10^-2，2．1×10^-2，1．7×10^-2和9．0×10^-3mol／L以及40．3．38．5．34．3和33．1mN／m；水溶性好，Krafft点均小于0℃；对高岭土和硅藻土絮凝能力的强弱次序为C10〉C8〉C6〉C4。Four kinds of diallylmethylalkyl （ n = 4,6,8,10） quaternary ammonium salt （ refers to as C4, C6, C8 and C10 ） were synthesized by using diallylmethylamine （ DAM ） and 1 - bromo alkane with separate chain length as raw materials. The chemical structure of the products was characterized by IR, 1HNMR and elemental analysis. Meanwhile, their surface activity, water solubility and flocculation property were examined. Results showed that the recommended better process conditions are：acetone as the solvent;molar ratio of DAM to 1 - bromo alkane, 1 ： 1.1 ; reaction time, 64 -72 h at 50 - 60 ℃. The product yields achieve 86. 16% , 78.02% ,75.46% and 68.10% respectively. With the increase of the alkyl chain length ,their eritieal micelle concentration deereases as 3.2 ×10^-2,2. 1 ×10^-2,1.7 ×10^-2and 9.0×10^-3 mol/L respectively;as well as their eorresponding surface tension decreases as 40. 3,38.5,34. 3 and 33.1 mN/m respectively. All of them show good water solubility, and their Krafft points are all less than 0 ℃. Their flocculation capacity to kaolin and diatomite are in the order of C10 〉 C8 〉 C6 〉 C4.

关 键 词：季铵盐 二烯丙基甲基烷基溴化铵 合成 性能 

分 类 号：TQ423.124[化学工程]